管理大学++MBA硕士用书《管理学》第5版PPT.ppt

Chapter 4 Foundations of Decision Making Learning OutcomesAfter reading this chapter, I will be able to: Describe the steps in the decision-making process. Identify the assumptions of the rational decision-making model. Explain the limits to rationality. Define certainty, risk, and uncertainty as they relate to decision making. Describe the actions of the bounded-rational decision maker. Learning Outcomes (cont’d)After reading this chapter, I will be able to: Identify the two types of decision problems and the two types of decisions that are used to solve them. Define heuristics and explain how they affect the decision-making process. Identify four decision-making styles. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of group decisions. Explain three techniques for improving group decision making. Decision-making Decision-making process A set of eight steps that includes identifying a problem, selecting a solution, and evaluating the effectiveness of the solution Problem A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs Decision criteria Factors that are relevant in a decision Examples of Planning-Function Decisions What are the organization’s long-term objectives? What strategies will best achieve those objectives? What should the organization’s short-term objectives be? What is the most efficient means of completing tasks? What might the competition be considering? What budgets are needed to complete department tasks? How difficult should individual goals be? The Decision-Making Process Criteria and Weight in Car-Buying Decision(Scale of 1 to 10) Assessment of Car Alternatives Weighting of Vehicles(Assessment Criteria X Criteria Weight) Decision-making (cont’d) Decision implementation Putting a decision into action; includes conveying the decision to the persons who will be affected by it and getting their commitment to it. Making Decisions: The Rational Model Certainty The implication that the outcome of every possible alternative is known. Unce