全国医学博士统一考试2001-2006.docVIP

2001 Part III vocabulary(15%) 正答率 80% Part IV cloze (15%) Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century 31 silent reading become commonplace. One should be 32 , however, of assuming that silent reading came about 33 because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual 34 of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character. The last century 35 a steady gradual increase in literacy , and thus in the number of readers, As readers increased,so the number of potential listeners declined and 36 there was some reduction in the need to read aloud.As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common,37 came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, 38 reading aloud would cause distraction to other reders. Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully and 39 whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in 40 way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However,41 its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership 42 . By the end of the century students were being recommended to 43 attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 44 not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered 45 the term“ reading” implied. 31. A. would