高一英语《Astronomy：the science of the stars》课件3.ppt

说出that/what/whether所引导的从句在主句中充当的成分，及引导词的功能。 　①What it was to become was uncertain until between 4. 5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. (what引导________从句，并在从句中充当________) ②The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. (whether引导________从句，在从句中不充当成分) ③What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. (what引导________从句，并在从句中充当________) ④What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (what引导________从句，并在从句中充当________) ⑤It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. (that引导________从句，在从句中不充当成分) ⑥So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. (第一个whether引导________从句；第二个whether引导________从句) 答案：①主语；表语　②主语　③主语；主语　④主语；宾语　⑤主语　⑥主语；宾语 一、基础点拨 (一)定义 在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句，即为主语从句。 (二)引导主语从句的词及其在句中的功能 1．连接词that和whether/if that引导主语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不能省略。whether/if引导主语从句，在主从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，但有自己的意义，也不可省略。 ①That she could come to help us made us very happy. 她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。 ②That the big earthquake had killed many people frightened people all over the world. 大地震使很多人丧生令世界震惊。 ③Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是个谜。 ④It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out. 这个计划是否会实施还不知道。 归纳拓展 (1)whether引导的主语从句置于句首时，不可用if来替换。 (2)if引导主语从句时，要用it作形式主语，将if引导的主语从句后置，此时whether与if可互换。 2．连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等。 连接代词引导从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 ①What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.(what引导主语从句，并在从句中充当主语) 最令我吃惊的是那个小女孩拉小提琴拉得那么好。 ②Who will go to the concert is not known.(who引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语) 不知道谁会去听音乐会。 ③Which book they will choose is still unknown.(which引导主语从句，并在从句中作定语) 不知道他们会选哪本书。 ④Whoever breaks the traffic rules should be punished.(whoever引导主语