2005全国中学生力学竞赛决赛答案卷.DOCVIP

2006全國中學生力學競賽決賽參考答案(2006/5/28) 說明：請將各題適當答案填入本答案卷之指定填答位置空格內，未填入指定填答位置空格內者，不予計分。 姓名： (請正楷填寫) 准考證號碼： 決賽座號: 題別 題目 名稱 題號 題型 題分 填 答 位 置 得 分 小計 題 一 與 空 氣 玩 遊 戲 1-1 計算 4 D=M/V=(28*78%+32*21%+44*0.04%)/(24.5*103) ≒1.17*10-3 g/cm3 1-2 簡答 4 方法C並未隔絕袋口和嘴部，吹氣時，噴流束中央氣體流速快，相對壓力小，噴流束附近周遭相對壓力較大，帶動周圍氣體一併進入袋子內 1-3 簡答 4 一如火災逃生袋使用方法，雙手抓住且拉開袋口，揮動袋子，迅速封住袋口，即可輕意，裝滿空氣 打開袋口，面朝往逆風處即可裝滿空氣 1-4 選擇 4 B 1-5 簡答 4 彈簧秤指針=袋重+空氣重-空氣浮力 =X+V內AIR*DAIR-V袋*DAIR 因V內AIR= V袋 所以三者之重量均為X 題 二 陀 螺 儀 2-1 簡答 5 2-1-1 使陀螺快速旋轉 2-1-2 剛穩性(rigidity) 2-2 問答 5 受支撐力與重力產生的力矩影響，當面向陀螺儀，高速順時針轉動的陀螺儀會產生水平順時針轉動繞著端點繞動 PRECESSION Now, if you stop the gyro top and turn its axis horizontal, and then start it spinning again, balancing one end on a pivot, (fig. 2), it wont fall. The tops axis will stay horizontal, resisting the tendency of gravity to change its direction. Although the gyro will RESIST the force that gravity applies to it, the gyro will still RESPOND to that force. The gyro responds by moving its axis at a RIGHT ANGLE to the APPLIED FORCE. The axis will tilt in a direction 90o away from the applied force. This is called PRECESSION. Figure 3-4 is another view of the same gyroscope. Its far end is still balanced on the pivot. Gravity is pulling down on the gyro. If the gyro rotor is turning in the direction shown by the arrow, the near end of the frame (axis) will move to the left. If the rotor were turning in the opposite direction, the frame would move to the right. Note that in each of these examples the direction of movement was displaced from the applied force (gravity) by 90o. The axis stays horizontal, but the gyroscope responds to the force of gravity by rotating around the pivot. Gyro action may be summarized as follows: A spinning gyro tends to keep its axis pointing in the same direction. This is called RIGIDITY. If you apply a force that tends to change the direction of the spin axis, the axis