chapter 4文体学.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Stylistic features at the syntactic level I 4.1 simple sentences elliptical sentences 4.2 compound sentences complex sentences 4.3 interrogative sentences 4.4 long sentences short sentences 4.1 simple sentences elliptical sentences 简单句：只包含一个主谓结构的句子 , 句子各个成分都只由单词或短语来表示 e.g. Good morning! Hands up! He ran away. The boy jumped out of bed, dressed hurriedly and ran downstairs. The teachers and the students all liked the place and wanted to stay there a little longer. 简单句短小精悍，结构简单，表意明确，具有明显的强调功能。 有些简单句不带有任何修饰语，常用来描述某种动作，产生直达明快，加快节奏的修辞效果： The sails, in that light breeze, made but a faint noise. It ceased. （Joseph Conrad, The Secret Sharer) He stepped into the stream. It was a shock. His trousers clung tight to his legs. His shoes felt the gravel. The water was a rising cold shock. (Ernest Hemingway, Big Two-hearted River) 连续使用简单句还能产生铿锵有力，干脆利落的表达效果，如： People think I am foolish and ignorant, but I’m not. I listen. I hear. I see. I think. I read. I walk alone by myself. ( Taylor Caldwell, Testimony of Two Men) 用简单句描写景色，也能受到良好的修辞效果，如； Leaves wiggle. Grass sways. A bird chirps, pecks the ground. (William Gass, In the Heart of the Hearts of the Country) 在小说中，简单句常在较长的对话中起到穿针引线的作用，产生绘声绘色声情并茂的表达效果。这样的简单句还可以放在段落的开端，也能在对话中起到衔接上下文的作用，如: “You succeed,” she said, “ You drove him completely out of his mind.” Pierre smiled. “ Did you see?....” ( Jean Paul Sartre, The Room) 简单句的局限性：容量小，不宜表达复杂、细腻的思想或说理过程；过多使用简单句还会使文章显得呆板单调。 省略句（ elliptical sentences）:句子里一个或更多的成分被省略掉 e.g. Doesn’t matter. Serves him right. Looks like rain. Anything you want? Got to go now. 省略句：具有明显的文体功能 结构紧凑，表意突出，能收到言简意赅的强烈效果。 在日常口语中，省略句的使用频率极高，是人们进行言语交际的主要句法手段。 e.g. Sorry, wrong number. Looking for me? Got any ink? 在广告文体中,省略句也屡见不鲜。 Ultra taste. Never-before, silk smooth, truly satisfying taste- in an ultra low tar cigarette! A beautiful way to Stop Fueling Around. 英语的揭示语（placard)大都以省略句的形式出现，立意鲜明，一目了然。 e.g. Drive slow! Constr