《有机化学精品教学》（汕头大学）Chap 9 aldehydes and ketones （2012）.pptVIP

1. Aldol condensation α β β (aldol) α Mechanism of aldol condensation : carbanion intermediate aldol 2 Like most intermolecular reaction, the aldol condensation has an intramolecular version. Particularly favorable are intramolecular condensation that form the relatively strain-free five- and six-membered rings. crossed aldol condensation: 2. Haloform reactions haloform (sodium hypohalide) * Exercises page 119. 8-3.(2)(3)(4) 8-5.(1)(2)(3) 8-7. Chapter 9 Aldehydes and Ketones Section 1. Structure and Nomenclature Aldehydes and ketones all contain a carbonyl group aldehydes ketones lone-pair electrons An ?- hydrogen Common names are normally used for the aldehydes containing four carbons or fewer. For systemic names, the “e” of the parent alkane’s name is dropped and the suffix “al” is added. In the priority system the aldehyde group is always number 1, and higher numbers are given to any substituents. Nomenclature of aldehydes: formaldehyde acetaldehyde 2-methylpentanal 3-chloropropanal ( mathanal ) ( ethanal ) 3-methylbenzaldehyde 3-chloro-3-phenyl-2-propenal (Z)- The “e” of the parent alkane is dropped, and the suffix “one” is appended. The number of the carbon atom bearing the carbon-oxygen double bond begins the name. Give the carbonyl group the smallest number as far as possible. Aromatic ketones are often named by treating the benzene ring as a phenyl group. Nomenclature of ketones: acetone (propanone) methyl phenyl ketone ( phenylethanone ) cyclopropyl phenyl ketone ( 2,2-dimethyl-1-phenylpropanone ) t-butyl phenyl ketone 3-methyl-2-pentanone 4-methoxycyclohexanone 1,4-cyclohexanedione Section 2. Preparation 1. Oxidation of alcohols CrO3·2C5H5N is called Collins reagent 2. Ozonization of alkenes ozonide Show the major product of the following reaction: 3. Friedel-Crafts Acylation Reaction Acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides react with benzene under th