《有机化学精品教学》（汕头大学）Chap.18 nucleic acids.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Mercaptopurine, 巯嘌呤 用于急性白血病效果较好，对慢性粒细胞白血病也有效；用于绒毛膜上皮癌和恶性葡萄胎。另外对恶性淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤也有一定疗效。 为抗嘌呤类药物。本品因能阻断次黄嘌呤转变为腺嘌呤核甙酸及鸟便嘌呤核甙酸，故抑制核酸合成，对多种运物肿瘤有抑制作用，主要作用于细胞周期的S期。临床用于急性白血病有着较好的疗效，对慢性粒细胞白血病、绒毛膜上皮癌、恶性葡萄胎、恶性淋巴瘤及多发性骨髓瘤也有一定疗效。 * Antiviral agents Aciclovir, 阿昔洛韦 主要对抗疱疹病毒，特别是对单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型作用最强，对 带状疱疹病毒的作用则较差(弱8~10倍)。对EB病毒亦有抑制作用。对巨细胞病毒(CMW)仅高 浓度才能抑制。 * Anti HIV Agents Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors Azidothymidine, AZT, Zidovudine, ZDV, 叠氮胸苷, 齐多夫定 AZT is the first approved agent by FDA to treat AIDS. * Dideoxycytidine, DCC, 双脱氧胞苷 Dideoxyinosine, DCI, 双脱氧肌苷 * Flavour enhancer (Salted delicious, 鲜味剂) Disodium Guanosine-5-monophosphate GMP, 鸟苷酸二钠 Disodium Inosine-5-Monophosphate IMP, 肌苷酸二钠 鸟苷酸钠的鲜味比谷氨酸钠强160倍，肌苷酸钠的鲜味比谷氨酸钠鲜40倍。  性状 无色至白色结晶，或白色结晶性粉末，含约7.5分子结晶水，不吸湿，40℃开始失去结晶水，120℃以上成无水物。味鲜，鲜味阈值为0.025g/100mL，鲜味强度低于鸟苷酸钠，但二者并用有显著的协同作用。当二者以1:1混合时，鲜味阀值可降至0.0063%。与0.8%谷氨酸钠并用，其鲜味阀值更进一步降至0.000031%。溶于水，水溶液稳定，呈中性。在酸性溶液中加热易分解，失去呈味力。亦可被磷酸酶分解破坏。微溶于乙醇，几乎不溶于乙醚。 （1）本品以5%~12%的含量并入谷氨酸钠混合使用，其呈味作用比单用谷氨酸钠高约8倍，并有“强力味精”之称。 （2）用2.5%IMP+2.5%GMP+95%MSG(4.7~7kg)，可代替45kgMSG，对产品的风味无明显影响。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Francis Crick June 8, 1916-July 28, 2004 James Watson April 6, 1928- * Maurice Wilkins 15 December 1916 - 5 October 2004 * The critical X ray image of DNA Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958) (who died of cancer before the Nobel prize was awarded) This X shape was enough to show Watson that the molecule must be a double helix, whose spacing he could deduce. * James D.Watson The DOUBLE HELIX A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA 双螺旋 ——发现DNA结构的故事 J．D．沃森 著 * * * In an interview published Sunday in The Times of London (October 14, 2007), Dr. Watson is quoted as saying that while “there are many people of color who are very talented,” he is “inherently gloomy about the prospect of Africa.” “All our social policies are based on the fact that their intelligence is the s