V-ed和V-ing形式的用法对比(老师用).docVIP

V-ed和V-ing形式的用法对比一、作表语：主语+系动词+表语（系动词有be, look, turn, get, become, smell, taste, seem, sound, appear, remain, feel）看主语是人或物 V-ed人: I am bored. V-ing物:The film is boring.※“be+V-ed”也可能是被动语态：They were trapped.(状态) They were trapped by the flood.(动作)二、作定语：单个分词+名词/代词；名词/代词+分词短语（分词短语作定语可转换为相应定语从句）看与所修饰词的关系：V-ed被动、完成：guests（who were） invited to the party; a developed countryV-ing主动、进行：the girl (who is) dancing there; a developing country ※ a reading room—a room for reading(V-ing表用途)三、作宾补：看与宾语的关系：V-ed被动、完成； V-ing主动、进行1、感官动词（see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, listen to, find）+宾语+宾补eg.① I saw a man knocked down by a car just now.　　　　② I hear a girl singing in the next room.2、使役动词（have, make, get, keep, leave）+宾语+宾补eg.① Have you got your films developed? ② I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long.※”make oneself+V-ed(understood, heard, noticed, known)”表结果含义eg. He raised his voice in order to make himself heard by all the people at the meeting.※ “have+sth+done”表示：主语请人或让人做某事/主语遭遇不愉快、不测的事/使某事被做3、表示“希望、要求”的动词（want, wish, like, expect, order）+宾语+宾补也可在V-ed前加to beeg. The boss wouldn’t like the problem (to be) discussed.4、“with+宾语+宾补”在句中表示时间、原因、方式、条件等状语eg. With the matter settled, we all went home.四、作状语：可表示时间、原因、方式、条件、让步、伴随等，可转换为相应状语从句。看与逻辑主语的关系：V-ed被动、完成： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden. V-ing主动、进行:Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a wonderful view of the city.V-ed、V-ing作状语，可在其前加上when, while, if, unless, once, although等，构成“连词+分词”的结构eg. ① When (it is) completed, the park will be open to the public. ② When (you are) crossing the road, you must be careful.五、1、现在分词有两种形式：一般式：doing 完成式：having done现在分词的完成式表示分词动作发生在谓语动词动作之前eg. Having worked all day, I went to bed early.也可表示某动作由过去某个时间开始，持续到谓语动作发生eg. Having worked for 20 years, she is still enthusiastic about her job.2、现在分词的语态：一般式doing的被动语态：being done表示某被动动作正在进行完成式having done的被动语态：having