第一章植物学基础3-营养与食品卫生.ppt

In the fall of 1995 when 28-year-old skater Sergei Grinkov, a two-time Olympic gold medalist, collapsed and died of a fatal heart attack while training in Lake Placid, New York. Main contents Introduction of Lipid Lipids in Nutrition Science Classification of triglycerides ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids Fat digestion and absorption Functions of fat Disadvantages of fats Nutritional assessment of dietary fat Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) of fat An autopsy revealed that his coronary arteries were as severely clogged as those of a 70-year-old with established heart disease. Although some people think of dietary fat as something to be avoided, a certain amount of fat is absolutely essential for good health. So what suggestions do you give when people eat foods abundant in fat? 二、营养学上的脂类Lipids in Nutrition Science Can you talk about something related with lipid or fat? Lipid: A diverse group of organic substances that are insoluble in water; lipid include triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols. 甘油三酯的分子结构Molecular structure of triglycerides 磷脂（Phospholipids）: A type of lipid in which a fatty acid is combined with another compound that contains phosphate; unlike other lipids, phospholipids are soluble in water. 磷脂主要贮存在脑、神经和肝脏中； 磷脂是构成细胞膜的主要成分； 磷脂的主要功能有：提供能量；具有极性和非极性双重特性，有助于物质转运；作为乳化剂，有利于脂溶性物质的吸收、转运及代谢；转运血液中的脂类物质，防治胆固醇在血中的沉积；促进和改善神经系统功能。 A type of lipid found in foods and the body that has a ring structure; these multiple-ring structure is quite different from that of triglycerides. Sterols Sterols are found in both plant and animal foods and are produced in the body. Plants contain some sterols, but they are not very well absorbed and appear to block the absorption of dietary cholesterol. Cholesterol is only found in the fatty part of animal products such as butter, eggs, whole milk, meats and poultry（胆固醇只存在于动物性食品中）. We don’t need to consume cholesterol in our diet because our body continually synthesizes it, mostly in the liver and intestines （机体能够合成胆固醇