1. History of Antibiotics 抗菌药的历史,非常具体教学教案.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Second Generation Quinolones 第二代喹诺酮类 * * The Third Generation Quinolones 第三代喹诺酮类 * Steven J. Brickner 1987 * The Road to Zyvox * Inhibition of Bacterial Protein Synthesis 抑制细菌蛋白质的合成 * Membrane Inhibitors, Daptomycin and Polymyxins 膜抑制剂， 达托霉素和多粘菌素 * Erythromycin and Clarithromycin 红霉素, poor PK 克拉霉素 红霉素和克拉霉素 * Azithromycin (Zithromax) 阿奇霉素 阿奇霉素（希舒美） * One N vs. Two N 阿奇霉素 红霉素 * MOA of Antibiotics * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Gerhard Domagk (1895–1964) Head of Bacteriology Lab. 格哈德·多马克 细菌学实验室 主管 * Josef Karer and Fritz Mietzsch * Dyes That Killed Germs in vivo 1935 杀死体内细菌的染料 * 1939 Nobel Prize 诺贝尔医学奖 * No German Was to Accept Nobel Prize 德国人不能接受诺贝尔奖 * Daniel Bovet and Federico Nitti Jacques and Terese Trefouel * More Sulfa Drugs 更多磺胺药物 * How Do Sulfa Drugs Work? 磺胺类药物如何工作的？ 叶酸 Alexander Fleming (1881–1955) Summer 1928, 9-Day Vacation 亚历山大·弗雷明 青霉素 * Howard W. Florey (1898–1968) Ernst B. Chain (1806–1979) Mold in Dr. Florey’s Coat, 1941 弗洛里的博士大衣 里的霉种 1943 * Bacterial Cell Wall: NAM and NAG 细菌细胞壁 * Penicillin’s MOA 青霉素的作用机制 * Inhibitor of Cell Wall Synthesis Mammals Do Not Have Cell Walls 细胞壁合成的抑制剂 哺乳动物没有细胞壁 * Inhibiting Peptidoglycan Synthesis 抑制肽聚糖合成 * Amoxicillin (GSK, 1972): More Potent, More Selective and More Stable 活性更高，更具选择性 和更稳定 * Augmentin = amoxicillin + clavulanic acid * John C. Sheehan, The Enchanted Ring, 1957 * Tuberculosis (TB) Victims 结核病（TB）的受害者 * Robert Koch (1843–1910) Nobel Prize, 1905 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌， 结核杆菌 * Isoniazid for Treating TB 异烟肼治疗结核病 * Albert Schatz and Selman A. Waksman 链霉素 * Streptomycin, 1949 链霉素 * George W. Merck We try to remember that medicines are for the patient. We try never to forget that medicine is for the people. It is not for profit. The profits follow and if we’ve remembered that, they have never failed to appear. The better we have remembered it, the larger they have been. * Benjamin M.