海上保险之主力近因原则探讨.PDFVIP

海上保險之主力近因原則探討 摘 要 海上運輸所需要的航程時間較長，且海上的危險種類繁多，當多種原因造成損失事 故發生時，如何判斷造成事故最主要的原因，找出有責任之一方為重要課題，然損失事 故往往混雜多種因素，若沒有高度的專業知識以及豐富的經驗，很難正確的判斷造成損 失事故的主要原因。由於海運之特性，現今國際貿易業者大多透過投保海上保險的方式， 轉嫁其危險以避免經濟上的負擔。透過主力近因原則不僅可以找出損失事故最主要的原 因，使有責任之一方負責，並且能進一步確認保險人的理賠責任。 本文透過相關文獻的蒐集、整理，歸納出主力近因原則之意義、判斷方式，以及該 原則於保險人責任之適用，定義海上危險並探討如何將主力近因原則應用於海上保險。 本文最後建議海上保險契約當事人將理賠責任與範圍於契約中更加明確訂定，以避免爭 議產生。 關鍵詞：海上保險、主力近因原則、英國海上保險法 曾文瑞先生：國立高雄海洋科技大學航運管理系副教授 洪嘉莉小姐：富邦產險工程暨海上保險商品部，水險核保專員 - 73 - Abstract Maritime voyage needed longer time to transport, and there are many different perils in the sea. When the accident caused the loss of a variety of reasons, how to determine the main reason causing the accident, identify the responsibility of the party is an important subject. Because of damage accidents often mix a variety of factors; it is really difficult to find the main cause of the loss without a high expertise and experiences. However, due to the properties of the shipping, the international trade industry mostly through the way of marine insurance to prevent the risk and avoid financial burden. Therefore through the proximate cause principle can not only identify the main reason which caused the damage accidents, but find out the parties who responsible for liability, and to further confirm the insurers claims responsibility. This study collected the literature and summarized the significance of the proximate cause principle, and to explore marine insurance claims disputes by the domestic cases. Finally, suggestions for amending the law of the relevant provisions of the Insurance Law in the proximate cause principle, as like the M.I.A. can be