水产动物遗传育种的进展和前景0228教学文稿.pptVIP

The contribution of world wide aquaculture to total fish production has increased from 3.22% (1950) to more than 34% (2001) during the past fifty years. While the capture volume is relatively stable at about 94 million tons during the last years, aquaculture production has been growing rapidly since the end of the eighties (1985: 11.30 million tons, 2001: 48.4 million tons). This trend confirms that the capture capacity for many species has reached its limit and subsequently aquaculture will become even more important in the future. Already since the mid-fifties aquaculture production is located primarily in developing countries. This trend intensified during the eighties, reducing the aquaculture production share of developed countries to less than 9% (2001: 4 million tons) Freshwater culture and mariculture contribute about 47% each to the developing countrys aquaculture. Production in brackish water accounts only for about 5%. 杂交育种成果 鲤鱼不同品种间的杂交 产生的杂交种：丰鲤(兴国红鲤♀×散鳞镜鲤♂)，荷元鲤(荷包红鲤♀×元江鲤♂)，岳鲤(荷包红鲤♀×湘江野鲤♂)，芙蓉鲤(散鳞镜鲤♀×兴国红鲤♂)，颖鲤(散鳞镜鲤♀×鲤鲫移核鱼Ｆ２♂)，三杂交鲤(荷元鲤♀×散鳞镜鲤♂)等。 育成了建鲤和松浦鲤两个品种。 建鲤 Cyprinus carpio var. jian 我国第一个人工育成的鱼类品种—建鲤 建　鲤 以荷包红鲤与元江鲤杂交后代作基础群，结合家系选育，系间杂交及雌核发育技术育成的遗传性状稳定的优良新品种。具有生长快、体型体色优、肉质肉味好、饲料转化率高、性温顺易驯养易捕、适应性抗病力强、适宜全国各地多种方式饲养等优点，明显优于国内现有鲤鱼和国外引进品种，能普遍增产30%以上。已推广苗种50亿尾，推广面积超过60万公顷，年产量达100万吨，约占全国鲤鱼养殖总产量的50%，成为我国最主要的鲤鱼养殖品种。 杂交育种成果 罗非鱼不同品种间的杂交产生全雄和杂种“双重”优势。 奥尼鱼：奥利亚罗非鱼♂ ×尼罗罗非鱼♀ 福寿鱼：尼罗罗非鱼♂ ×莫桑比克罗非鱼♀ 罗非鱼研究水平国际领先 淡水中心拥有罗非鱼基因库和优质罗非鱼雄性化核心技术，大规模培育纯种亲本和全雄苗种，为罗非鱼优良品种培育和产业化发展提供种质保证。 全雄奥尼鱼是我国养殖最广的罗非鱼品种，覆盖率达70%－80%，作为出口优势主导品种，为我国成为世界罗非鱼养殖第一大国和出口大国作出了贡献。 承担国家行业科技专项，成为全国罗非鱼研究的牵头单位。 青虾杂交育种填补国内外空白 淡水中心首创青虾与同属中亲缘关系近且个体比青虾大、生长快的海南沼虾进行杂交，结合系统选育，获得生长快的虾类养殖新品系。 建鲤 奥尼鱼 夏奥1号罗非鱼 已育成四个养殖良种 新选育出的青虾良种 海水养殖品种的杂交 海带 扇贝 栉孔扇贝x虾夷扇贝 栉孔扇贝x华贵栉孔扇贝 中国、日本和韩国不同种群的栉孔扇贝之间杂交 鲍鱼 中国、日本不同种群的皱纹盘鲍 和杂色鲍之间杂交 Haliotis discus hannai 多倍体育种成果 人工诱导三倍体/四倍体 鲤鱼 Cyprinus carpio 鲫鱼 Carassius auratus 牡蛎 Crassostrea gigas 扇贝