Linux and Shell Programming：Linux Shell编程.ppt

Subnet Classless Address Extensions Linda Wu (CMPT 471 ? 2003-3) Content Motivation Transparent routers Proxy ARP Subnet addressing Classless addressing Reference: chapter 10 Motivation Problem: network growth will exhaust IPv4 address space eventually Solution: minimize the number of addresses used Avoid assigning netid whenever possible Share one netid among multiple networks: transparent router, proxy ARP, subnet addressing Arbitrary assignment: classless addressing Transparent Routers A special router T, called transparent router, connects WAN and LAN Other hosts and routers on the WAN do not know T’s existence The LAN does not have its own netid; the hosts in the LAN are assigned unused addresses in the WAN T sends packets from the WAN to the appropriate host in the LAN T accepts packets from the LAN and routes them across WAN to the destination Transparent Routers (cont.) Advantages One netid is shared by multiple networks: fewer network addresses are required Support load balancing Disadvantages Only work with WAN that has a large address space Do not provide all the same services as conventional routers Proxy ARP ARP Address Resolution Protocol Maps IP addresses to physical addresses Proxy an application that closes a straight path between 2 networks and prevents the crackers from obtaining internal addresses and details of a private network Proxy ARP (cont.) How proxy ARP works? Main network and hidden network: share the same netid A router, R, connects these 2 networks R knows which hosts lie on which physical networks, and maintains the illusion that only one network exists A in the main network sends packets to E in the hidden network A broadcasts ARP request for E’s physical addr. R responses ARP request by sending back its own physical addr. A sends the packet destined for E to R R forwards the packet destined for E over the hidden network Proxy ARP (cont.) Advantages One netid is shared by multiple networks Proxy ARP can be added to a single route