(线性方程式).ppt

1.* Ex 8：Solve a system by Gauss-Jordan elimination method (infinitely many solutions) Sol: 1.* Let , then So this system has infinitely many solutions 1.* ※ In order to show that the reduced row-echelon form is unique, I provide an experiment by performing a redundant elementary row operation of interchanging the first and the second rows first. ※ Comparing with the results on Slide 1.31, we can infer that it is possible to derive different row-echelon form, but there is a unique reduced row-echelon form for each matrix. 1.* Homogeneous systems of linear equations (齊次線性系統) : A system of linear equations is said to be homogeneous if all the constant terms are zero 1.* Trivial (obvious) solution (顯然解): Nontrivial solution (非顯然解): other solutions Notes: (1) Every homogeneous system of linear equations is consistent. Furthermore, for a homogeneous system, exactly one of the following is true: (a) The system has only the trivial solution (b) The system has infinitely many nontrivial solutions in addition to the trivial solution (In other words, if a system has any nontrivial solution, this system must have infinitely many nontrivial solutions.) (2) If the homogenous system has fewer equations than variables, then it must have an infinite number of solutions 1.* Ex 9: Solve the following homogeneous system. Prove the above two statements numerically. Let , then Sol: 1.* Keywords in Section 1.2: matrix: 矩陣 row: 列 column: 行 entry: 元素 size: 大小 square matrix: 方陣 order: 階 main diagonal: 主對角線 augmented matrix: 增廣矩陣 coefficient matrix: 係數矩陣 1.* elementary row operation: 基本列運算 row equivalent: 列等價 row-echelon form: 列梯形形式 reduced row-echelon form: 簡化列梯形形式 leading 1: 領先1 Gaussian elimination: 高斯消去法 Gauss-Jordan elimination: 高斯-喬登消去法 free variable: 自由變數 homogeneous system: 齊次系統 trivial solution: 顯然解 nontrivial solution: 非顯然解 1.* 1.3 Applications of Systems of Linear Equations Polynomial Curve Fitting in Examples 1, 2, and 4 on p.29