操作系统32单元.pptVIP

* Modes of Execution User mode Less-privileged mode User programs typically execute in this mode System mode, control mode, or kernel mode More-privileged mode Kernel of the operating system * 3.4 Process Control 3.4.1 Modes of Execution 3.4.2 Process Creation 3.4.3 Process Switching 3.4.4 Execution of the Operating System * Process Creation Assign a unique process identifier Allocate space for the process Initialize process control block Set up appropriate linkages Ex: add new process to linked list used for scheduling queue Create of expand other data structures Ex: maintain an accounting file * 3.4 Process Control 3.4.1 Modes of Execution 3.4.2 Process Creation 3.4.3 Process Switching 3.4.4 Execution of the Operating System * When to Switch a Process Clock interrupt process has executed for the maximum allowable time slice I/O interrupt Memory fault memory address is in virtual memory so it must be brought into main memory * When to Switch a Process Trap error or exception occurred may cause process to be moved to Exit state Supervisor call such as file open * Change of Process State Save context of processor including program counter and other registers Update the process control block of the process that is currently in the Running state Move process control block to appropriate queue – ready; blocked; ready/suspend Select another process for execution * Change of Process State Update the process control block of the process selected Update memory-management data structures Restore context of the selected process * 3.4 Process Control 3.4.1 Modes of Execution 3.4.2 Process Creation 3.4.3 Process Switching 3.4.4 Execution of the Operating System * Execution of the Operating System Non-process Kernel（无进程内核） Execute kernel outside of any process Operating system code is executed as a separate entity that operates in privileged mode Execution Within User Processes(在用户进程中执行) Operating system software within context of a user process Process executes in privileged