6 西方翻译史及20世纪前翻译理论.ppt

Western Translation History and Translation Theories;Western Translation History: a mainline description;Six translation waves 1) beginning (end of 4th Century bc): Greek literature to Latin: Homer, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides 2) end of Roman Empire to the Middle Ages: the Bible from Hebrew and Greek to Latin and other languages 3) 11-12th centuries, translators in Toledo, Spain, from Arabian to Latin;4) 14-16th centuries: Renaissance, translation in politics, philosophy, literature, religions, etc. National languages and literature began to prosper. 5) later half of 17th to the first half of 2oth century: translation classics from ancient, modern and contemporary literature：Cervantes, Shakespeare, Balzac, Goethe, etc. 6) after WWII: into science, business, professional translators; translation institutions, organizations, journals ;Milestones in the history of Bible Translation 3 century BC: 72 Jewish scholars in Alexandra: Septuagint 《七十子希腊文本》 4th century：St Jerome’s Vulgate 《通行圣经本》 (In his monastery at Bethlehem, tended by aristocratic virgins, the saint produces the Vulgate. This eventually becomes established as the Bible of the whole western church until the Reformation.) ;Question: Could ordinary people in European countries read the Bible in Greek and Latin? The priests prefer to corner the source of Christian truth, keeping for themselves the privilege of interpreting it for the people. A need for vernacular texts arises from those Christian Europeans who speak varieties of German, French, Anglo-Saxon, Italian or Spanish. ;The Reformation John Wycliffe and his followers produce full English versions of the Old and New Testament in the late 14th century. Erasmus in his preface of 1516 the wish that the holy text should be in every language - so that even Scots and Irishmen might read it. in 1534 Martin Luther’s Bible in German ;Luther’s translation of the New Testament brought the teaching and example of Christ and the Apostles to the min