中国文化概况(English).ppt

Part I What is culture? What does culture include?;From the Intellectual Perspective;Different Layers of Culture;Geographical Surroundings and Economical Structure The Traditional Values of Chinese people;Reference: enclosed ;Influence: To provide natural advantages for Chinese culture 1) to develop independently 2) be free from the impact of foreign cultures Thus, Chinese culture is relatively stable , independent and distinctive.;Vast in terrain: rich in the regional cultures; tolerant to conflicts--- cultural fusion and political unity Rivers and valleys distributed evenly ---facilitate the agricultural development and transportation. temperate and subtropical zones provide the abundant natural resources for the development of agricultural economy;“ Agricultural civilization plays a decisive role in forming and promoting the Chinese culture, which constitutes its fundamental differences from Western culture”;Agriculture as Economic Foundation a farmer’s life is relatively fixed, settled, and relaxingly permanent---the lack of mobility. (be free from risk and adventure; conservatism) attached to earth and dependent on land (the virtue of patience) ;Direct contact with nature --a naturalistic view of life, “顺其自然” --simplicity and contentment (anticipated harvest) “安土乐天” Agricultural production relying heavily on nature, farming seasons and having favorable weather --harmony of man with nature 天人合一 --Seeking harmony; --family relations and mutual dependence --predominance of morality ;“溥天之下，莫非王土，率土之滨，莫非王臣” “炎黄子孙” --collectivism ;Chapter 2 ;Founder of Confucianism;Source of Confucius’ philosophy;“benevolence” “love” “humanity/humaneness” “goodness”;夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。;① Confucius Social Philosophy;② Confucius Political Philosophy;③ Confuciuss Educational Theory; “孔子以《诗》、《书》、《乐》教，弟子盖三千焉，身通六艺者七十有二人。” ;③ Confuciuss Educational Theory;③ Confuciuss Educational Theory;The Development of Confucianism;