工分制下农户的经济行为-社会学研究.PDFVIP

2004 6 ＊ ———对恰亚诺夫假说的验证与补充 张　江　华 　　Abstract:With the workpoint (gongf en )data during collective economy period from a village of Zhuang Minority (zhuangzu )in Guangxi, the author tries to discuss Chayanov s hypothesis that the peasant s work and consumption is balanced, and analyses the economic behavior of peasants during the period of the collective economy in China (195 -1982).The author argues that the relation of the peasant s labor and consumption during the collective economy period usually satisfies Chayanov s hypothesis:“the degree of the peasants labor devotion depends on the relation of the degree of the need satisfied and hardness of work”.This behavior characteristic of the Chinese peasants is not only determined by the state power and ideology at that time, but also constituted, constrained and adjusted by the traditional Chinese culture, value and personhood.Additionally, the author argues that Chayanovs hypothesis would provide more universal explanation with the consideration that consumption is a kind of culture construction. 　　50 80 , 25 。, 、———, , , 20 —。 、 1924 , , : 家庭农场的劳动者对劳动能力的开发的程度受到家庭消费需求的推动, 当消费需求出现 增长, 农民劳动 我开发的程度亦随之加深。另一方面, 劳动能力的耗费又受到劳动本身辛苦 程度的制约。同收益相比较, 劳动越艰苦, 生活水平就会越低;尽管即使要达到这种低等的生 活水平农民家庭也往往必须付出巨大的努力, 但低到一定程度, 它就会放弃从事该种艰苦的劳 作。换言之, 我们能够肯定地说, 农民劳动 我开发的程度靠需求满足程度和劳动艰苦程度之 间的某种关系来确定。 (1996:53) , :1. ① 。2.。 3., 。4. ＊　E—。 “ ”“”, 、、、 。 , 、、。 。 。。, 。 ①　“”, 。 “”。 (, 1996:53 )。 95 。5., 。 。“” , :, 、、。 , , 。:, ;, 。, :“, , ”。 (, , ), : , ,“”, , :, , 。, , 。。, , , 。, 。 “”。: 农民家庭是农民农场经济活动的基础, 而家