乡村旅游和经济发展外文翻译文献.doc

外文文献翻译 () 文献出处：Frederick M. Rural Tourism and Economic Development[J]. Economic Development Quarterly the Journal of American Economic Revitalization, 1993, 7(2):215-224. 英文原文 Rural Tourism and Economic Development M Frederick Tourism is a popular economic development strategy. The author reviews three diverse books that study tourism from various social science perspectives —— economic, sociological, psychological, and anthropological. Ryan ’ s book is multidisciplinary in approach and covers all major topics of tourism; tourist experience; and marketing. Michal Smith details the negative affects of tourism development in rural areas of the southeastern United States. Finally, Valene Smith ’ s book presents international case studies that document cultural changes caused by tourism development. Despite their different focuses, all three books agree that tourism development has its benefits and costs and that changes to the destination areas are inevitable. Careful planning and marketing can lessen the harmful effects of tourism development. Tourism is an increasingly popular elixir to economic rural and urban underdevelopment. Its current prominence in the array of local economic development strategies can be traced to several features of the tourism industry. Tourism jobs are mostly low-skill jobs, which are a good fit with the job skills of many rural residents. Also, tourism has a potential for creating an export base that builds on favorable local advantages such as a pleasant climate or sites of historic or natural interest. More important, tourism strategies mesh with the current political philosophy and budget realities of minimizing government involvement and investment. The accommodations, restaurants, and entertainment activities that necessarily accompany tourism are assumed to be provided by the private sector. Critics of tourism as a development strategy cite its low-paying and dead-end jobs, its degradation of the local natural environment, and its