qmlesson1-质量管理学的历史与未来.doc

 J. TQM, J. Q.T,  HYPERLINK  30 70  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~  18 1550 BC - Egyptian royal cubit was standardized. It was about 20.63 .02. 1550 20.63 .02  1785 1800 1840 1870 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000   He can make anything! ~~~ ?? ~~ Eliity Whitney ~~~ : : δ κ~ ~ ~  (Frederick W.Taylor) (1856 -1915) “ ” “ Theil Principles ofii Scientific Management” , 1911 Quality Gurus / Pioneers -1 Frederick Taylor Inspection Gauging Walter Shewhart (Bell Labs) –Developed Statistical control charts PDCA cycle (shared with Deming) Identified 2 causes of variation: chance and assignable H.G. Romig and Harold Dodge (Bell Labs) –Acceptance sampling tables  i Leadership i Vision ii Standardization of Work i Continuous I Improvement il Material Flow l Employeel Development ~1908 - First Model T 1915 - The One Millionth Car 1921 - The Five Millionth Car 1924 - The Ten Millionth Car By 1926: 52 Different Businesses 88 Operating Plants Worldwide 200,000 Employees 1   Taylor was born i in Germantown,l. Pennsylvania. In 1878, he began working at the i Midvale t Steel. Company. As he rose to become foreman of t the steel plant, he started to apply i himself to thougt hts t about efficiency and. productivity. His iti scientific principles were those oft systematic study, anal ysis and t the assumption of causalti relationshipst that could bei derived andtl subsequently. managed. .. e.g. theti relationship between i incentives and. effort. He assumed that working systems were generally it inefficient -- largely because no-- one had bothered to make t themit efficient -- and that workers were naturallyl inclined to be lazy andt inefficient -- since ti this was in ti their own besttt. interest. Therefore managers had to overcome t this naturalt reluctance to t pu i in maximum effort and offer incentives so that worker effort was i in t thett interests of both t the company and t the. worker.  6 4 4 2 3 6 4 3 4 5 3 6 4 2 56 “ ” Ta ylor wa s born i in Germa ntown, P