上海财经大学中级微观经济学课程课件叶正茂.ppt

企业文档 企业文档 Utility-Maximization Labor (hours) Coconuts Budget constraint; slope = w 24 0 企业文档 Utility-Maximization Labor (hours) Coconuts 24 0 C* L* Budget constraint; slope = w 企业文档 Utility-Maximization Labor (hours) Coconuts 24 0 C* L* MRS = w Budget constraint; slope = w 企业文档 Utility-Maximization Labor (hours) Coconuts 24 0 C* L* Labor supply Budget constraint; slope = w MRS = w Given w, RC’s quantity supplied of labor is L* 企业文档 Utility-Maximization Labor (hours) Coconuts 24 0 C* L* Given w, RC’s quantity supplied of labor is L* and output quantity demanded is C*. Labor supply Output demand Budget constraint; slope = w MRS = w 企业文档 Utility-Maximization Profit-Maximization Profit-maximization: w = MPL quantity of output supplied = C* quantity of labor demanded = L* 企业文档 Utility-Maximization Profit-Maximization Profit-maximization: w = MPL quantity of output supplied = C* quantity of labor demanded = L* Utility-maximization: w = MRS quantity of output demanded = C* quantity of labor supplied = L* 企业文档 Utility-Maximization Profit-Maximization Profit-maximization: w = MPL quantity of output supplied = C* quantity of labor demanded = L* Utility-maximization: w = MRS quantity of output demanded = C* quantity of labor supplied = L* Coconut and labor markets both clear. 企业文档 Utility-Maximization Profit-Maximization Labor (hours) Coconuts 24 C* L* 0 MRS = w = MPL Given w, RC’s quantity supplied of labor = quantity demanded of labor = L* and output quantity demanded = output quantity supplied = C*. 企业文档 First Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics 所以结合生产，福利经济学第一定理仍然是成立的。 A competitive market equilibrium is Pareto efficient if consumers’ preferences are convex （凸状） there are no externalities in consumption or production. 企业文档 Second Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics Any Pareto efficient economic state can be achieved as a competitive market equilibrium if consumers’ preferences are convex firms’ technologies are convex（凸状） there are no externalities in co