语法复习--情态动词.doc

一、表“能力”情态动词 can/could表能力，意为“能；会”。can 表示现在的能力，could 表示过去的能力。例如： I cant sing now, but I could when I was young.现在我不会唱歌了，但我年轻的时候会。 【练习一】 1. A computer ____ think for itself. It must be told what to do.(MET91) 2. --Will you stay for lunch? ---Sorry, I ____ .My brother is coming to see me.(NMET99) 3. I should have been there, but I ____ not find the time.(上海2000春) 二、表“推测”情态动词 1．从句式上 表推测情态动词 肯定句 否定句 疑问句 含义 must √ 一定 can/could (√) √ √ 会是……?(疑问句)；不可能（否定句） may/might √ √ 也许（肯定句）；也许不（否定句） should/ought to √ √ （根据常识或经验判断）按道理应该，理应 注意： （1）上表中can与could,may与might无时间区别，用过去式形式表示推测的语气较弱。 （2）can表示“理论或事实上的可能性”时用在肯定句中。即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生；平时或大部分时间不是这样子，只是偶尔发生的事情。作“有时候会……”解。如： Anyone can make mistakes.任何人会犯错误。 It is cold in Beijing in winter, but it can be warm sometimes.北京的冬天很冷，但有时也会很温暖。 This kind of thing can happen every now and then. 这种事情是随时可能发生的。 2．从时间上 （1）对现在或将来情况的推测时，用：“情态动词+ do/be doing”结构。例如： He must be at home now, for the light is on.他一定在家呢，因为等还亮着。 It can’t [couldn’t] be true. 那不可能是真的。 What can [could] they be doing? 他们会在干什么呢? He may [might] know the answer. 他可能知道答案。 He may [might] not believe you. 他也许不会相信你。 （2）对过去情况的推测时，用：“情态动词+ have done”结构。例如： I must have mistaken what you meant. 我一定误会了你的意思。 He can’t have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago.他不可能去了上海，我刚才还看见他。 These students may / might have seen the film before.这些学生以前可能看过这部电影。 【练习二】 1. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.(NMET’93) 2. Mary ______ be in Paris, for I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.(NMET94) 3.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______be very slow. （浙江卷05） 4. There ____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. （上海05） 5. I didn’t hear the phone. I ___________(be) asleep.(NMET89) 6.I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _______ have spoken at the meeting.(MET 1991) 7. Jenny ____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.(MET91) 三、“情态动词+ hav