纺织材料学课件-6.ppt

* Disadvantages relatively low modulus high specific density (2.6 g/cc) moisture sensitive A rock formed as lava in volcano and used for construction Basalt fiber first invented in 1923 by Paul Dhé from Paris, France, who was granted a U.S. patent in 1923. 1960s, both the U.S. and the USSR investigated basalt fiber applications for military applications. Research went on to commercialize basalt fiber only in the former USSR after declassification Typical Composition: Varies for different locations No control over composition Element % SiO2 58.7 Al2O3 17.2 Fe2O3 10.3 MgO 3.82 CaO 8.04 Na2O 3.34 K2O 0.82 TiO2 1.16 P2O5 0.28 MnO 0.16 Cr2O3 0.06 Properties Property Unit Basalt E-Glass S-Glass Tensile Strength MPa 4840 3450 4710 Elastic modulus GPa 89 77 89 Elongation at Break % 3.15 4.7 5.6 Currently, major producers are: Fibers: Kamenny Vek (Dubna, Russia), Technobasalt (Kyiv, Ukraine), Hengdian Group Shanghai Russia Gold Basalt Fibre Co. (Shanghai, China), OJSC Research Institute Glassplastics and Fiber (Bucha, Ukraine). Woven and nonwoven fabrics Basaltex, a division of Masureel Holding (Wevelgem, Belgium), Sudaglass Fiber Technology Inc. (Houston, Texas) Structure Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA)# Polyamide with benzene rings between amide groups Liquid crystalline# Planar array and pleated system Types Kevlar 29, E = 50 GPa Kevlar 49, E = 125 GPa Kevlar 149, E = 185 GPa Kevlar 129 etc Twaron 1000 Twaron 2000 Advantages high strength modulus low specific density (1.47g/cc) relatively high temperature resistance Disadvantages Easy to fibrillate poor transverse properties susceptible to abrasion Advantages high strength and modulus low specific gravity excellent resistance to chemicals nontoxic for biomedical applications Disadvantages poor adhesion to matrix high creep low melting temperature Mei Zhang, et al. Multifunctional Carbon Nanotube Yarns by Downsizing an Ancient Technology . Science 306, 1358