健康与疾病(HEALTH.docVIP

第一課 健康與疾病(Health and diseases) 1.1 Some factors affecting health 一些影響健康的因素﹕ Definition of health健康的定義： Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. 健康是指體能、精神及社交上都在良好的狀態，而非單指身體並非虛弱或沒有疾病。 The common factors that affect health are : 影響身體健康的因素如下： Diet 膳食。 Exercise and rest 運動和休息。 Alcohol or drug abuse 酗酒與吸毒。 Infection of pathogens 病原體的感染。 The prevention and control of transmissible diseases 預防疾病的傳染。 A health living habit 健康的生活習慣。 State of mind, being optimistic or pessimistic 心境，樂觀定悲觀。 1.2 Diet 膳食﹕ A balanced diet should contain enough carbohydrates, protein ands fats (6:3:1) and enough vitamins, minerals and water so as to maintain health, growth and repair, with enough roughage to stimulate the peristalsis of guts. 均衡飲食是指膳食中含有足夠的碳水化合物、蛋白質和脂肪 (6:3:1)及足夠的維生素和水分以維持健康及生長，有足夠的食用纖維刺激腸的蠕動。 Nutritive food should provide : (1) vitamins, (2) minerals, (3) dietary fibre. 有益的食物應提供：(1)維生素、(2)礦物質、(3)食用纖維。 Why do we need a balanced diet? 為甚麼膳食要均衡? A balanced diet maintains good health and supplies the right amount of energy for body activity. 為了保持體魄 ，並為活動提供所需的 。 What will be the adverse effect to health when taking more energy than we need? 攝取過多的能量對身體健康有什麼不利的影響﹖ Taking in more energy than we need will lead to weight gain or even obesity. Taking in less energy than we need will result in a thin and unhealthy body. 攝取過多的能量會使體重 ，甚至導致 。攝取的能量不足會導致營養 ，使身體變得 和不健康。 What will be the health problem of improper diet? 膳食不當會引起什麼的健康問題﹖ If we take in contaminated food regularly, or consumes food that contains excessive fat, sugar, or sodium, we are very likely to have long-term health problems. 如果我們經常進食受污染的食物，或進食含有太多脂肪、糖分及鈉質的食物，我們易患上長期 。 For contaminated food, the health consequences are : 吃了受污染的食物，對健康的影響如下： 1. The food may contain pathogens, e.g. parasites. Parasites, like tapeworm, live in the patient’s body and obtain nutrients at the expense of him. The patient s