英语语法-从句培训资料.pptVIP

英语语法--从句 张小宁 2011-11-21 从句1--名词性从句 概念：名词从句是指在复合句中起名词作用的从句。包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、和同位语从句。 分类--引导名词从句的连接词可分为： (1)连接代词：who(-ever),what(-ever),whomz(-ever),whose (2)连接副词：when,where,why,how (3)连接词：that,whether,if 注意：连接副词和连接代词在从句中充当一定的句子成分，而连接词在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用！ 1—主语从句 在句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句，它位于主句的谓语动词之前。（it引导的从句除外!） 例句(1)：Who will go makes no difference. It makes no difference who will go （2）：That air has pressure was known long ago. It was known long ago that air has pressure. 当用It作为形式主语时，that 引导的真正主语放在句末，这种大致有4中情况： （a）It +be +形容词+that从句 （b）It+be+名词+that从句 （c）It+be+ed分词+that从句 （d）It+seems/happens/appears/matters/occurs等+that从句 2-宾语从句 在主句中位于及物动词之后或少数介词之后，充当主句宾语的从句为宾语从句 如：我的父母教我要时时刻刻尽己所能 My parents teach me that I should always do my best. 我们发现每天练习英语口语是有必要的 We find it necessary that we (should) practice spoken English every day. 3-表语从句 位于主句中系动词后，在主句中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。 如：你最大的毛病就是你太粗心 Your greatest fault is that you are careless. 住在这个国家的一个好处是人能贴近大自然 One advantage of living in the country is that one can get close to nature. 4—同位语从句 跟在名词后面、进一步说明该名词的具体内容的从句是同位语从句。 如：你能不能提出证据，证明他那天夜里不在家？ Can you produce any evidence that he was not at home that night? 我们吃惊于孩子们做它完全靠他们自己 We are surprised at the fact that the children did it all their own. 连接代词引导的名词性从句及其语法功能 这些代词的语法功能不是完全一样的，引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，分别在句中作主语、宾语和表语。而且，这些连接代词在自己引导的从句中充当一定的语法成分，可充当主语、宾语、表语和定语等。 What的语法功能 （1）引导主语从句 如：What is most important in life is not money. （2）引导宾语从句 We can learn what we did not know . (3)引导表语从句 She is not what she was a few years ago. Who与Whoever的语法功能 (1)引导宾语从句 I asked him who came into room. Whoever (1)引导主语从句 Whoever comes will be welcome. (2)引导宾语从句 He knew the files could be of help to whoever took over the job. Whether与if的 用法 这两个词在从句中起着引导作用，并有“是否”的意思。If 引导的名词性从句不能置于句首， Whether可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。 Whether man can fly to the moon is no longer a question now . We asked him if/whether he could go to the party. 连接副词when,where,why,how When she will be back depends much on the weather.