英语语法3——动词知识介绍.pptxVIP

英语语法动词2015-09-26动词动词的分类动词的各种形式动词的时态动词的语态非谓语动词动词动词的分类动词按含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类：行为(实义)动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。1.实义动词实义动词意义完整，能够独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语，又可细分为：及物动词和不及物动词。The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。We have a big TV set in the club.我们俱乐部有台大电视机。及物动词(1)及物动词(vt.)要求跟宾语。1）有一些及物动词通常以表示人的名词或代词为宾语：His joke didn’t interest me.She tried to comfort him.His speech angered the audience.2)有一些及物动词常和一个介词短语或副词连用：He has brought his luggage with him.He wrote something down.This will prevent him from doing so.I learn_English_everyday.(English是learn的宾语)我每天都学英语。3)有些及物动词常和名词一起表示一个动作，其本身意思不明确：Let me have a try.Let’s take a break.We should take some actions.这类词有：have, take, make, do, give, 及物动词(2)及物动词可以跟 “双宾语”(直接宾语和间接宾语)，也可跟“复合宾语”(宾语和宾语补足语)。People give me their money. In England，people usually call me Jim for short.I found a small boy cry in the corner yesterday.直接宾语为动词直接涉及的事物，间接宾语往往指涉及的人。1）间接宾语有时可以放到后面去，由介词to引起，变成介词短语。He handed his key to the teacher.She lent some money to her friend.常见的词有：take, lend, sell, teach, give, grant, mail, offer, owe, post, etc.2）也有间接宾语以for 引起（for 表示承受者），放在句后。He bought a gift for his daughter.He played some ancient Chinese music for us.常见的动词有：book, bring, buy, cook, design, find, get, order, paint, keep, etc.注意：①带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。②带双宾语的动词有：give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read, return等。③“短语动词”相当于实义动词，但意义往往与原动词有些差别，主要有下列五种形式：动词＋介词：相当于一个及物动词。如：look after“照顾”，look for“寻找”。动词＋副词：这类短语动词有的作及物动词，有的作不及物动词。如：ring up“打电话”(用作及物动词)，look out“小心”(用作不及物动词)。动词＋副词＋介词：这类短语动词一律用作及物动词。如：do away with“去掉”，go back to“回到(某处)去”，go on with“与(某人)相处”。动词＋名词＋介词：这类短语动词也只能用作及物动词。如：take care of“照顾”，take part in“参加”。be＋形容词＋介词：这类形容词包括起形容词作用的分词，这类短语动词也相当于及物动词。如：be ready for“做准备”， be full of“充满”， be interested in“感兴趣”。不及物动词这类动词一般不跟宾语。Her back ached.The situation is deteriorating.(局势正在恶化)1)许多不及物动词表示运动或待在某处，后面常跟一个表示地点或方向的状语。The ship sailed westward.The river flows east i