ABS结构原理与故障检修.docVIP

ABS结构原理与故障检修 摘 要 ABSAntilock Braking System的缩写，中文译为“防抱死刹车系统”，可分机械式和电子式两种。 它是汽车上的一种主动安全装置，其作用是在汽车制动时，防止车轮抱死在路面上滑拖，以提高汽车制动过程中的方向稳定性、转向控制能力和缩短制动距离。早在30年代，ABS就运用在铁路机车的制动中，其目的是防止列车制动时车轮抱死后在钢轨上滑行造成局部摩擦，致使车轮、钢轨早期损坏和车轮不能平稳旋转而产生噪声和振动。40年代，为了防止飞机着陆时制动跑偏、甩尾和轮胎剧烈磨损，以及缩短滑行距离，在飞机上开始采用ABS，并很快成为飞机上的标准装备。50年代被开发引用到汽车上。进入70年代后，随着电子技术的进步，数字电子技术、大规模集成电路的发展和微机的运用，电子控制式ABS日趋成熟，成本不断降低，并且体积小、质量轻、控制精度高，其安全效能十分显著，普遍受到人们的欢迎和认可，为其迅速普及创造了条件。80年代初，还仅在部分高级轿车上采用，进入90年代后，在欧洲、美国、日本和韩国等国家，ABS的装车率大幅度提高，加之法规的推动作用，ABS已成为汽车上标准装备或选择装备。我国对ABS的研究始于80年代初，目前国内一些院校、科研单位和生产厂家，正在加快技术攻关和技术引进步伐。上海汽车制动系统有限公司引进并合资生产的ABS产品已于1997年2月顺利投产，其他也有个别厂家小批量生产。我国生产的奥迪、桑塔纳、捷达轿车部分装用ABS。预计不久的将来，我国自己生产的汽车上都会装用ABS。本文主要介绍ABS的结构原理和一些故障检修。 关键词：汽车 制动 防抱死 ABS ABSTRACT Summary of Antilock Braking System ABS is English, and Chinese translation for anti-lock braking system can be divided into two mechanical and electronic. It is a type of automobile active safety devices, its role is in the car when braking, drag the slide preventing wheel lock on the road in order to improve the vehicle during braking direction stability, steering control and shorter braking distances. As early as 30, ABS brake used in railway locomotives, its purpose is to prevent train braking wheel lock caused local friction sliding on the Rails after the death, led early damaged wheels, Rails and wheel noise and not smooth rotation and vibration. 40, in order to prevent aircraft landing braking deviation, Drifting and tire severe wear and shorten the gliding distance, introduced ABS on the plane, and quickly became standard equipment on the plane. 50 are development reference to car. After the 70 s, with the advances in electronic technology, digital electronics, VLSI development and application of computer, electronic-controlled ABS matures, costs continue to decrease, and small size, light weight, high control precision, the security effectiveness is very significant, generally welcomed by the people and recognition, create the conditions for its rapid