Introduction to Programming using Matlab精选.pptVIP

Arithmetic operations can be combined with assignments: A= 2+3 A = 5 B=4*A B = 20 C=A^B C = 3200000 Raising to a power is done with the operator “^”. A^2 gives 25 * Built-in constants and functions There are a number of standard built-in constants. Type pi, e, i and see what you get. Be careful, these values can be overwritten. There is also a vast number of built-in standard mathematical functions in matlab: sin(pi/2) ans = 1 Similarly cos, tan, asin, acos, atan… are predefined. * Other built-in functions sqrt(x) = square root of x abs(x) = absolute value or modulus of x sign(x) = sign of x; returns +1 or -1 round(x) = rounds x to the nearest integer exp(x) = exponential of x log(x) = natural logarithm of x log10(x) = logarithm of x in base 10 ■ Try task 4 * Vectors or arrays Matlab is designed to work with arrays like vectors, matrices (two dimensional vectors). Even simple numbers are treated like 1x1 matrices. To define a row vector, you can simple list its elements in square brackets separated by spaces: V1=[2.5 1 0.3 5] V1 = 2.5000 1.0000 0.3000 5.0000 Defined this way, V is a row vector. * To create a column vector, the element must be separated by semi-colons. V2=[2.5; 1; 0.3 ; 5] V2 = 2.5000 1.0000 0.3000 5.0000 The quote sign ‘ executes a matrix transpositions Check that what V1’gives. * Accessing elements of arrays To access the element of any array, normal brackets must be used: V(4) ans = 5 These rules can be combined to define and access matrix elements. M=[cos(pi/4) sin(pi/4);-sin(pi/4) cos(pi/4)] M = 0.7071 0.7071 -0.7071 0.7071 M(2,2) ans = 0.7071 * Generating vectors with evenly spaced elements There is an extremely useful way of generating evenly spaced vectors: x=1:2:10 x = 1 3 5 7 9 x is vector of integers starting from 1 up to at most 10 by increments of 2. Increments of 1 are the default and can be omitted, ie 1:5 is the same as 1:1:5.