Introduction To Child Development：儿童的发展介绍精选.pptVIP

MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES No specific treatments for cure Goal is to identify difficulties and initiate therapies/stimulation programs (ie; PT, OT, SLP, SW, IDP, Psychology, Behavior) Important role also in school preparation/ planning Based in history/physical, referrals to other sub-specialists may be indicated * MANAGEMENT Role of genetics With newer genetic testing modalities available, many can be diagnosed with genetic differences Question is whether this gives any extra info of how to manage? A number of children still will have no etiology found to explain their differences * INVESTIGATIONS:Value of Etiological Diagnosis Specific treatment implications Ongoing medical management of associated conditions Prognostic implications Assessment of recurrence risk/counselling Limits further unnecessary testing * INVESTIGATIONS: Drawbacks of Etiological Search Many disorders have no specific treatment Enormous individual variation/prognostic uncertainty of rare disorders Often more of interest to medical staff than families Costs of testing: $$, pain, sedation * Investigation of Children with Developmental Delay No Rules or Algorithms! All children with DD should have vision and hearing testing Rest of investigations including Genetic testing, Metabolic testing, EEG and Neuroimaging dependent on History or physical examination * ADDENDUM:MILESTONES 18 MONTHS Gross Motor: walks, stoops and recovers, early run Fine Motor: Scribbles, 3 block tower Language: 10-25 word vocabulary, 1-2 body parts Social: spoon feeds * ADDENDUM: MILESTONES TWENTY FOUR MONTHS: Gross motor: Runs, climbs, stairs 2 ft/step, kicks ball, throws overhand Fine motor: 8 block tower, horizontal and vertical line Language: 50 word vocabulary, 2 word phrase, 2 step command, body parts Social: Undresses * ADDENDUM: MILESTONES THIRTY SIX MONTHS: Gross motor: Rides tricycle, alternates feet on stairs Fine motor: draws circle, copies bridge with blocks Language: 3 word phrase, co