微波在绿色化学和生物学中的应用.pdfVIP

Res Chem Intermed (2012) 38:283–322 DOI 10.1007/s11164-011-0348-1 Evolution of microwave irradiation and its application in green chemistry and biosciences Fatma A. Bassyouni • Sherifa M. Abu-Bakr • Mohamed Abdel Rehim Received: 25 April 2011 / Accepted: 4 July 2011 / Published online: 7 August 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 Abstract Microwave-assisted organic reactions have been applied as an effective technique in organic synthesis. Microwave irradiation often leads to shorter reaction times, increased yields, easier workup, matches with green chemistry protocols, and can enhance the region and stereo selectivity of reactions. In fact, the high use- fulness of microwave-assisted synthesis encouraged us to increase the efficiency of several organic transformations and synthesis. High-speed microwave-assisted chemistry has attracted a considerable amount of attention in recent years and has been applied successfully in various fields of synthetic organic chemistry, proteins, peptides, drug discovery, and green chemistry. The various roles of microwave- assisted organic chemistry in green and sustainable chemistry are discussed, beginning with the strategies, technologies, and methods that were employed rou- tinely at the time of the first reports of microwave applications. Microwave pro- cessing has several advantages over conventional sintering/heating, such as the reduction in cycle time, energy efficiency, eco-friendliness, and providing finer microstructures, leading to improved mechanical properties. Herein, we also F. A. Bassyouni () Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products and Pharmaceutical Research, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt e-mail: fatma.nrc@ S. M. Abu-Bakr Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial