内江市2014高考英语阅读理解、作文训练（九）及答案.docVIP

内江市2014高考英语阅读理解、作文训练（9）及答案 Words：343　难度系数：★★　建议用时：8分钟 Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid.At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air.But does a baby have this understanding? To see whether babies know objects are solid.Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion(视觉影像)of a hanging ball.His plan was to first to give babies a real ball, one they could be expected to show surprised in their faces and movements.All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there. Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence.We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back.But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land? Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old.In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen.When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear.If the experiment took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train.This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence.But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case.The researcher substituted(替换) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen.The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train.But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch(更换)．Thus，the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence，” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普短文，大意是通过实验研究儿童是否知道物体是固体的，是否具有物体持久性的感觉，研究表明，16周到24周的婴儿都知道物体是有形的固体，然而第一项研究表明只有18周以上的婴儿才对某