英美文化基础教程 lecture 4精选.pptVIP

* Presbyterianism is the established religion in Scotland, which was inspired by the teachings of the Swiss Protestant reformer John Calvin , who started a movement that spread to France, Germany, and other parts of Europe. The growth of Presbyterianism was so complete that by 1560 it was the official religion of the Scotland nation. * When Puritanism took power in the 17th century England, the Presbyterians were the largest faction within it. The Westminster Confession教条(1645-1647) , the most famous statement of English Calvinism, is the basis of the Presbyterian creed.教条 Presbyterian believe that the Scriptures are the only infallible绝对正确的;永无过失的 rule of faith and practice. * They also believe in the Trinity and existence of heaven and hell. The individual church is governed by the session in Scotland , consisting of a “teaching elder “ and “ruling elders” * According to the statistics of 1994, about 27 million are Anglicans, 5.3 million Roman Catholics, 2 million Presbyterians, 760,000 Methodists卫理教徒 and 450,000 Judaists [d?u:deiist]犹太教徒 . * The Decline of Religion（p148） * Assignments Preview the part of American history on P229. * * Picture 3 有人打你的右脸，连左脸也转过来由他打Whosoever Smiteth thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the otheralso 在旧·出中，摩西向民众传达耶和华的话，谈到“人若彼此争斗”时，要“以命偿命、以眼还眼、以牙还牙、以手还手、以打还打”。《新约》中的耶稣，则劝人安心受苦，针对上述耶和华的话，谈到“不要与恶人作对,有人打你的右脸，连左脸也转过来由他打。有人想要告你，要拿你的里衣，连外衣也由他拿去.有人强迫你走一里路，你就同他走二里。” 后来“有人 打你的右脸，连左脸也转过来由他打。”这句话被用来比喻无原则的妥协 * 先拿石头打他 cast the first stone 耶稣在传道时，文士和法利赛人带来一个行淫时被捉拿的妇人，大家问耶稣说：摩西在律法上吩咐我们，把这样的妇人用石头打死，你说该把他怎么样呢？耶稣对他们说：你们中间谁 是没有罪的，谁就可以先拿石头打他。据此，“先拿石头打他”（先扔第一块石头），在西方用以喻首先发难，类拟我国先打第一抢的说法。 * 吃喝吧！因为明天要死了 Let us eat and drink, for to morrow we shall die 旧约中说，耶稣撒冷将遭毁灭，本应哀哭，结果人们宰牛杀羊，吃肉喝酒， 说我们吃喝吧！因为明天要死了。据此 说，西方以“吃喝吧！因为明天要死了 喻及时行乐，人生几何。 * 新酒装在旧皮袋里new wine in old bottle 新·太中，针对法利赛人僵化地对待津当法，耶稣比喻说“没有人把新酒装在旧皮袋里。若是这样，皮袋就裂开，酒漏出来，连皮袋也坏了”意在说明履行律法应随时代演化而改变英语中以“新酒装在旧皮袋里”喻新时期应有新形式.类似于中国人说的“换汤不换药”。 * 背起他的十字架be