最新关于行列式理论及应用.doc

关于行列式理论及应用 商伟 （渤海大学数学系 辽宁 锦州 121000 中国） 摘要: 行列式是线性代数理论中极其重要的组成部分，它是线性代数的基础和核心。虽然行列式的产生和应用是在解线性方程组中，但是现在它作为一种重要的数学工具，不仅在解线性方程组、矩阵这些数学问题中有重要地位，而且在其他学科分支都有广泛的应用，可以说它是数学、物理学以及工科许多课程的重要学习工具。行列式也为解决实际问题带来了许多方便，如配料问题等。本文针对行列式这一数学工具，进行系统讨论，从不同的角度理解了行列式的定义，重点证明了行列式性质，介绍一些展开定理，总结了行列式的几种计算方法，如化三角形法，降阶法，换元法，递推法，辅助函数法，公式法，数学归纳法等，并结合例题说明行列式计算的技巧性和灵活性，最后举例说明了行列式在部分数学问题和实际问题中的应用。 关键词: 行列式，性质，证明，计算，应用。 Determinant Theory and Application Shang Wei (Department of Mathematics Bohai University Liaoning Jinzhou 121000 China) Abstract: The determinant is the extremely important constituent in the linear algebra theory, it is the foundation and the core of the linear algebra. Although the production and the application of the determinant are in the solution system of linear equations, but now as one of the important mathematical instrument, not only in the solution system of linear equations, in the matrix these mathematics questions has the important status, moreover all has the widespread application in other discipline branches, we can say that it is an important study tool which in mathematics, the physics as well as the engineering course many curricula. The determinant also brought about convenient for the solution actual problem such as ingredient question . This article in view of the determinant this mathematical instrument, carries on the system discussion, had understood from the different angle to the determinant definition, had proven the nature of the determinant on emphasis,introduced some expansion theorem, summarized several computational methods of the determinant,such as the triangle law, the depression of order, the substitution of variables, the recursion law, the auxiliary function method, the formula law, the mathematical induction and so on, and union sample question showing determinant computation skill and the flexibility, finally have explained the application with examples of the determinant in the pa