辽宁铁岭市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文填单词类训练题（八）及答案.docVIP

辽宁铁岭市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文填单词类训练题（8）及答案 阅读理解　专题训练(一) 阅读中的猜词技巧(2) 定义释义法 ◆ 方法点拨 释义指对陌生词的解释(解释性描述)，一般通过定义、定语从句、词组、同位语从句来体现。其表现形式为：用that is，in other words，or，mean，be called，refer to或连系动词to be等定义或重述形式来解释生词。 如∶ [例题1]：Anthropology is the scientific study of man. [例题2]The_herdsman，who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year. [解析1]从解释 the scientific study of man可知anthropology的意思是 “人类学”。 [解析2]定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。 ◆ 活学活用 (一)利用上述方法，猜出下列各句划线词的意思 1．Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society. 2．They need to make their income meet the cost of living，so many people plan a family budget.A budget is a list of monthly expenses. 3．Jane is indecisive，that is，she cant make up her mind. 4．The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope，an instrument for listening to patients heartbeat and breathing. 5．Krabacber suffers from SAD，which is short for seasonal affective disorder，a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings. 6．They are vertebrates，that is，animals that have back bones. (一) 1．解析：假定sociology是一个不认识的词，系动词be后面就给出了明确的定义。这样，我们便知道该词意思为“社会学”。 答案：社会学 2．解析：is后面是对第一句中划线单词的解释，给出了明确的定义，从定义上推测出单词budget的意思为“预算”。 答案：预算 3．解析：由that is可知，后面是对indecisive的定义解释，由此可猜测出单词indecisive的意思为“优柔寡断的，没有决策能力的”。 答案：优柔寡断的，没有决策能力的 4．解析：此句中逗号(，)后的同位语an instrument for listening to patients heartbeat and breathing.已经给出了划线单词的确切意思， stethoscope为“听诊器”。 答案：听诊器 5．解析：从seasonal affective disorder，a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings 推出SAD的意思是 “季节性情绪紊乱症”。 答案：季节性情绪紊乱症 6．解析：从解释animals that have back bones 可知vertebrates的意思是 “脊椎动物”。 答案：脊椎动物 【阅读文章简答题(五) Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(痴呆)in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones，U.S.researchers reported on Thursday. Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies，and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases su