永宁纳语纳西语东部方言的音位系统 HAL SHS.pptVIP

背景问题：如何选择国际音标符号？ 1.1. 在不同国家、国际音标的用法稍有所不同。例如：赵元任先生的元音符号?是否等于成音节的/z/？(至今这些符号未进入国际音标表)1. Background issue: How do we select IPA symbols for phonemes? 1.1. ‘IPA dialects’ from a universal perspective use of /y/ instead of /j/ in African studies in China: use of Chao’s symbols for fricative syllabics (E. Zee, this conference) ‘Dialectal’ uses of the IPA point to an issue: references for a standard usage? 1.2. The paradox of fieldwork: a double allegiance: structural observation: each phoneme is defined in terms of its position within the phonemic system. implementation of the International