Risk Assessment 风险评估 R32, R1234yf and R1234ze CN.docVIP

Risk Assessment 风险评估 R32, R1234yf and R1234ze Scope 范畴 Evaluate risk of R32, R1234yf and R1234ze in commercial refrigeration and air-conditioning, with the following preconditions: 评估商用制冷空调中R32, R1234yf 和 R1234zeAll electrical components complies with ATEX zone 2 as defined in IEC 60079-14 or similar as defined in section 5.2.16 of ISO 5149-1:2009 draft 所有的电动部件必须遵守在IEC 60079-14 定义的ATEX区域2部分或ISO 5149-1:2009 草案中类似的 5.2.16章节定义内容。 （补充：ATEX为一项欧洲指令，是对欧盟成员国有关国家立法中关于危险区安全要求的增加和补充，现已成为一项共同的标准Toxicity 毒性 Toxicity of A2L (such as R32, R1234yf and R1234ze): A2L制冷剂（如 R32, R1234yf 和R1234ze）的毒性： A2L refrigerants are considered to be non-toxic: A2L制冷剂被认为是无毒的： International refrigeration safety standards considers refrigerants non-toxic, if Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) is 400ppm (=0,04%) or greater 国际制冷剂安全标准认定制冷剂无毒，如果OEL值为400ppm或更高。 ATEL is always above OEL→always above 0,04% 一般ATEL值总是高于 OEL值→一般超出与0.04% All refrigerants are considered dangerous above the Oxygen Deprivation Limit of 14%. 缺氧极限值（ODL）超过14%的所有制冷剂都被认为是危险品。 Toxicity levels of A2L refrigerants are in the same range as other refrigerants. A2L 制冷剂的毒性水平和其它制冷剂处于同一区域内。 Conclusion: 结论： A2L refrigerants are considered to be non-toxic. A2L制冷剂被认为是无毒的。 Note 备注： All HCF’s (including HFO’s) generate toxic compounds when exposed to flames (HF or even COF2). 全部HCF’s （包括 HFO’s）簇制冷剂当暴露在火焰中时会生成有毒混合物（(HF或者甚至 COF2） Acute Toxicity Exposure Levels (ATEL): 急性毒性暴露水平： Oxygen Deprivation Limit = 14% 缺氧极限值（ODL）为14%； Source: ASHRAE 34-2010 + Honeywell for R1234ze 来源：ASHRAE 34-2010 + Honeywell （针对R1234ze）Flammability Summary 易燃问题总结 Good engineering practice (as defined in standards) 好的工程示范（按照标准要求） Build to avoid leaks. 建造过程避免泄漏 Standards ensure room is large enough so 20% of LFL can not be ached in whole room (25% in NAM). LFL may still be eached close to the leak. 标准确保房间足够大，以至于在整个房间中着火下限的20%都达不到（NAM的25%）. 着火下限LFL可能仍然接近于泄漏点 Standards ensure that no ignition sources are present cl