signal 信号与系统 周建华 光电学院教学课件.ppt

1.1 Continuous-time and discrete-time signals 1.2 Transformations of the Independent Variable 1.3 Exponential and Sinusoidal signal 1.4 The Unit Impulse and Unit Step Functions 1.5 Continuous-time and Discrete-time System 1.6 Basic System Properties 1.6.3 Causality Causal system definition: A system is causal If the output at any time depends only on values of the input at the present time and in the past. 1 Signal and System noncausal system : If the output at sometime depends on values of the input in the future, the system is noncausal . 1 Signal and System Example: Causal system noncausal system conclusion:All memoryless systems are causal. 1 Signal and System Example 1.12 Determine whether the following systems are causal or not. (1) (2) Noncausal system Causal system 1.6.4 Stability Stable system definition: Finite input lead to finite output: 1 Signal and System 1 Signal and System Small inputs lead to responses that do not diverge Examples: Stable pendulum Motion of automobile Example 1.13 1 Signal and System Examples 1.13 Show the following systems are stable systems. (1) (2) unstable system stable system 1 Signal and System Examples: Show the following systems are stable systems. Solution: (1) If (2) If 1.6.5 Time Invariance Time-invariant system definition: If a time shift in the input signal results in an identical time shift in the output signal. Time-invariant system: If x(t) ?? y(t), then x(t-t0) ?? y(t-t0) . If x[n] ?? y[n], then x[n-n0] ?? y[n-n0] . 1 Signal and System Example 1.14 1.15 1.16 Determine whether or not each of the following systems are time-invariant. 1 Signal and System 1.6.6 Linearity Linear system definition: The system possesses the important property of superposition: (1) Additivity property: The response to x1(t)+x2(t) is y1(t)+y2(t) . (2) Scaling or homogeneity property: The response to ax1(t) is ay1(t) . (wh