摩尔定压比热.PPT

Adiabatic process (絕熱過程) Broilge Law: at constant T，an ideal gas with the fixed particles obeys PV = nRT =constant. But real gas isn’t a good heat conductor, it need time to reach a new thermal equilibrium. As P and V change too rapidly, e.g., the propagation of sound, the energies between the parts of gas can not exchange with each other at once. So it is impossible for the isothermal process (等溫過程), the realize reaction shall be an adiabatic process. Adiabatic process: If gas is compressed (expanded), all work done by the surrounding becomes (dissipate) the internal energy of gas, thus the P and T of gas will simultaneously increase (decrease). The slope of p(V) curve in adiabatic process must steeper than in the isothermal process. Derive the ? value of idea gas Cv = 3/2R = 12.5 J/mol.K Cp = 5/2R = 20.8 J/mol.K Theoretical values of CV, CP, and ? are in excellent agreement for monatomic gases. Molar Specific Heat for an Ideal gas Several processes can change the temperature of an ideal gas. Since DT is the same for each process, DEint is also the same. The heat is different for the different paths. The heat associated with a particular change in temperature is not unique. Block Diagram of Clement-Desorms’ Experiment Clement-Desorms’ Configuration克雷孟-德梭姆實驗裝置 球型玻璃瓶(spherical glassware) 銅蓋(Cupper Tip, 可沿瓶口水平方向滑動而移開或滑入原位) 橡皮管 (rubber tube) 玻璃氣閥 (glass valve) 打氣球 (gas charging ball) U-型軟管(U-shape soft tube, 內裝測氣體壓力的液體) ? Value derived in Classical Mechanics Molar Specific Heat Specific heats are frequently defined at two processes: Constant-pressure specific heats cp Constant-volume specific heats cv Using the number of moles, n, defines molar specific heats for these processes. Molar specific heats: Q = nCvDT for constant volume processes Q = nCpDT for constant pressure processes Q (in a constant pressure process) must account for both the increase in internal energy and the transfer of energy out of the system by work. Q(constant P) Q(constant V) for g