一维纳米材料的模板法合成、组装及其性能研究-无机化学专业论文.docx

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一维纳米材料的模板法合成、组装及其性能研究-无机化学专业论文.docx

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一维纳米材料的模板法合成、组装及其性能研究-无机化学专业论文

Asimpleassemblingprocesswasdevelopedforfabricatingfree-standingnanofibrousmembranes,whichexhibitedexcellentabilityforsize-selectiveseparationandwaterpurification.Highly-uniformcarbonnanofibers(CNFs)withcontrollablediameterswerefabricatedthroughthetemplate-directedhydrothermalcarbonization(HTC)processbyusingultrathinTenanowiresastemplatesandglucoseascarbonsource.TheseCNFswithhighaspectratiowerethenassembledintoanewkindof free-standingfibrousmembranebyasimplecasting-evaporatingprocess.ThefabricatedCNFsmembranesareveryflexibleandmechanicallyrobustenoughfor filtrationoperationunderahighappliedpressurewithoutanydamage.More importantly,theseCNFsmembraneshaveverynarrowporesizedistributionsandshowexcellentsize-selectiverejectionproperties.Thecutoffsizesof thesemembranescouldbecontrolledpreciselybycarefullyregulatingthediametersoftheCNFs.TheCNFsmembranesexhibitedastrongabilityforselectiveseparationof nanoparticleswithdifferentsizesformsolution.Inaddition,asimplefiltrationprocesswasdemonstratedtodecontaminatewaterby employingtheCNFsmembranes.Thisprocesscombinestheexcellentadsorption behaviorofCNFsandtheadvantagesofmembranefiltration.Thefiltration experimentsprovedthattheCNFsmembranescouldremovemethyleneblue(MB) efficientlywithaveryhighfluxof1580L/m2h,whichis10–100timeshigherthanthatofcommercialnano-orultrafiltrationmembraneswithsimilarrejection properties.Moreover, basingontheuniqueadsorptionandeasy-assemblingpropertiesof CNFs,anovelfree-standingPGCNFsmembranewithhighgraphitizationdegreeandmesoporousnaturewasfabricatedthroughacatalyticgraphitizationprocess.ThePGCNFsmembranescouldbeofspecialinterestaselectrodematerialsfor supercapacitorsorsupportedmaterialsforcatalysts.TheCNFswerefurtherdemonstratedasaversatilenanoscalescaffoldfor constructingmacroscopicmultifunctionalmembranes.AvarietyofCNFs-based compositenanofibers,includingCNFs-Fe3O4,CNFs-TiO2,CNFs-Ag,andCNFs-Au werefabricatedthroughvariouschemicalroutes.Importantly,alloftheminherittheuniquedimensional(highaspectratio)andm