颗粒离散元和点球浸入边界法在泥沙输运研究中的应用-水利工程专业论文.docx

摘要泥沙颗粒在三维紊流场中的输移是典型两相流问题。本文采用基于有限体 积法的高效能紊流并行计算程序——CgLES，结合点球浸入边界法和基于“事件 驱动”模型和“弹簧—阻尼”模型的颗粒离散元法，对泥沙输移问题进行数值模拟 研究，可以模拟百万甚至千万量级的泥沙颗粒运动，需要的计算资源较少，适 合研究较大空间尺度的泥沙演变过程，更接近于工程应用，同时具有较高精度， 对于泥沙颗粒的输移研究具有重要意义。本文应用上述方法对明渠紊流边界层中泥沙颗粒的运动与分布，明渠床面 沙纹的演变以及直立桩柱周围的局部冲刷三种典型的泥沙输移问题进行了数值 模拟。研究发现：明渠中颗粒的输运对紊流的统计特征有影响，其运动与近壁区紊流拟序结 构密切相关。惯性颗粒在明渠紊流边界层中分布存在不均匀性，易聚集形成顺流向条带结构，这种不均匀性主要受 St 数的影响，当 St ????1??时，不均匀性最 为显著。明渠紊流中沙纹会发生合并，在沙纹数量不变的条件下，沙纹高度近似呈 线性增长，而沙纹的长度的平均值却保持恒定。随着沙纹高度的增大，输沙率逐渐降低并趋于稳定。当沙纹发生合并时，沙纹的高度快速增加，输沙率也随 之大幅降低。直立桩柱周围的局部冲刷首先发生在与展向对称面呈 40???左右的桩柱两侧，此处的冲刷深度在整个冲刷过程中一直保持最大。随着冲刷发展，冲刷区域和 淤积区域逐渐向下游延伸，冲淤变化速度减小，最终达到冲淤平衡。关键词：颗粒离散元 点球浸入边界法 惯性颗粒 Voronoi 分析 沙纹 局部冲淤ABSTRACTSediment transport in three-dimensional turbulent flow is a typical two-phase flow problem. This paper numerically simulated the sediment transport by using a methodology which combines three cutting-edge numerical techniques, i.e., the coupled ‘event-driven’ and ‘spring-dashpot’ discrete particle modelling of the motions and collisions of millions, even tens of millions, of discrete particles, the ‘point-particle’ immersed boundary method for the fluid-particle interaction and the direct numerical simulation or large eddy simulation of turbulent flows using a highly efficient parallel computing code named CgLES. This methodology is suitable for simulations of large-scale sediment evolution and thus can be valuable from the engineering point of view.This paper numerically investigated three typical sediment transport phenomena including the motions and distributions of particles immersed in a turbulent boundary layer of channel flow, the evolution of sand ripples in a turbulent open channel flow and local scour around a circular pile. The main findings are presented as follows:The motions of particles have strong effects on flow velocity profiles and turbulence intensities, and are closely related to the dynamics of the near wall coherent flow structures. Most of inertial particles in the turbulent boundary layer reside prefer