动物足垫表面形貌粘着摩擦机理研究-机械电子工程专业论文.docx

摘要摩擦在我们的生产和生活中发挥着重要的作用。自然界的许多动物都有着天然的摩 擦学生存适应性，仿生摩擦学在现代社会展现出良好的发展和应用前景。本课题主要对 生物界具有良好攀爬附着性能的动物进行研究，提出具有优良摩擦附着性能的最佳表面 结构，为下一步利用仿生技术制造具有增摩功能的表面结构和装置以提高设备传递动力 和防止滑动的能力做前期的理论探索工作，具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。本文在学习仿生摩擦学理论的过程中，得出生物表面知识是是摩擦学仿生的基础， 结构决定功能，表面结构形态、动态变化及其与环境介质的作用方式决定着生物表面的 摩擦学行为，只有探索掌握生物表面的摩擦学特性才能实现仿生摩擦学技术的开发。我 们利用扫描电子显微镜和超景深三维数码显微镜对几种不同生物的足垫表面结构进行了 观察；从不同角度对动物足垫表面的非光滑形态进行了分类；建立了凸包形、凹坑形、 波纹形和刚毛形非光滑的评价指标集。基于动物足垫形貌的观察分类，从力学与表面形貌结构的角度对其粘着摩擦机制进 行了详细的分析，分别从微观接触力学、毛细作用、摩擦以及表面粗糙度等方面着手， 发现了足垫的粘着摩擦是它们共同作用的结果，阐述了不同形状结构对足垫粘着摩擦作 用的影响， 揭示出表面形貌结构在粘着摩擦起主要作用。利用仿生学理论对足垫表面形 貌结构进行了简化修改，建立了球状凸包、平头柱状凸包和倒圆台状凹坑这三种不同形 态的单元体，确定了其数学模型。关键词：仿生摩擦学，动物粘着摩擦，表面形貌结构，接触，力学，模型ABSTRACTFriction plays an important role in our production and life. Many animals have natural tribological survival adaptability in nature, the bionic tribology has shown good development and application prospects in modern society. This paper studies on the animals that has good climbing and adhesion properties in the biologicalworld, and puts forward the best surface structures that have some excellent adhesion and friction properties for the preliminary theoretical exploration work to manufacture the friction-increasing surface of equipments with the bionic technology in order to improve their ability of transferring power and preventing slipping in the next, so it has important theoretical significance and practical application value.In the process of studying biomimetic tribological theory, it is concluded that biomimetic tribological theory is based on the biological surface knowledge. Function is decided structure. The surface structure form, dynamic change and the action manner with environmentl determine the tribological behavior on biological surface, so that only exploring and getting their tribological properties can realize bionic tribological technology development. We observed several different biological foot-pad surface structures with scanning electron microscope and super depth 3D digital microscope, and classified