美国内战简版.ppt

The American Civil War An Introductory course on American Studies Lecture 8 The American Civil War a?military?conflict between the United States of America (the Union) and the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy) from April 12, 1861 to May 26, 1865 the War Between the States the War of Rebellion the War for Southern Independence The Cost of War Took more than 600,000 lives destroyed property valued at $5 billion brought freedom to 4 million black slaves opened wounds not yet completely healed Causes of the war Slavery: 11 Southern states forming the Confederacy North?and South as two very different regions The election of Abraham Lincoln as a threat to South Causes of the war Political Factors loyalty to one’s state over loyalty to the country Union considered a “voluntary compact” Causes of the war Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1851-1852) By Harriet Beecher Stowe The little woman that caused a great war Causes of the war Missouri Compromise (1820) Missouri as slave state & Maine as a free state Compromise of 1850: California as a free state Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) about “popular sovereignty” Lincoln-Douglas Debates In?1858? Douglas: doctrine of popular sovereignty Lincoln: slavery was “a moral, a social, and a political wrong”; it was the duty of the federal government to prohibit its extension into the territories Election of 1860 Popular vote: Lincoln 1,866,452 Douglas 1,376,957 Breckinridge 849,781 Bell 588,879 Electoral college Lincoln 180 Breckinridge 72 Bell 39 Douglas 12 Emancipation Proclamation September 22, the first, or preliminary Proclamation The final Proclamation issued on January 1, 1863, freed the slaves only in the states that had rebelled: Arkansas, Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and parts of Louisiana and Virginia Influence of the