人因工程生物力学与下背痛.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 生物力学与下背痛 * * Biomechanics Biomechanics general biomechanic applied biomechanic bio-static bio-dynamic occupational sports medical * * Mechanics properties of the bones NTUST, Ergonomic/design Lab * * Combined loading (1/2) Human adult tibia The geometric structure of the bone is irregular Bone is consistently subjected to multiple loads * * Combined loading (2/2) * * Bone and Muscles (1/2) Leg of a skier who is falling forward Tibia 3 points bending moment Tricep surae muscles Higher compressive stress on the anterior surface of the tibia * * Locomotion Hip joint Glutus medius muscles Superior cortex Neither tensile nor compressive forces Bone and Muscles (2/2) * * Fatigue of bone under repetitive loading NTUST, Ergonomic/design Lab 个案:安迪纸器有限公司劳工蔡先生 罹病是否属职业疾病案? NIOSH十大作业伤害 1.职业性肺部病变 6.生殖机能损害 2.肌肉骨骼伤害 7.神经系统损伤 3.职业引起之癌症 8.噪音性听力损伤 4.重度外伤 9.皮肤病变 5.心脏血管系统病变 10.精神异常 物料搬运相关之法规及标准 USA:ILO(1962); NIOSH Lifting Guideline(1981) NIOSH revised Lifting Equation(1993) UK:Proposals for Health and Safety (Manual Handling of Loads)HMSO(1982) Austrialia: Occupational Health and Safety(Manual Handling)MHR(1988) European: Manual Handling of Loads in European Community, Directive DG V(CEN1991) ILO1962 For young men (20~35yr), the limits was 24.4kg With reduction for age and gender Based upon experts recommendations For infrequent lifting No task variables NIOSHWork Practices Guide for Manual Lifting(1981) Definitions of Lifting Hazard Levels. AL=392Newton (HF)(VF)(DF)(FF) MPL=3 AL Recommendations for Control Lifting Hazards Epidemiological data Biomechanical studies Physiological studies Psychophysical studies:MAWL of 75%ile female and 99%ile male Revised NIOSHLifting Equation (1993) RWL=23kg(HM)(VM)(DM)(FM)(AM)(CM) Lifting capacities under a variety of working conditions MAWL of 90%ile female Required a redesign of many typical industrial tasks(Karwowski and Brokaw 1992) 抬举姿势 抬举姿势的改善为下背痛预防的可行方法(Joseph