英文计算机非对称密钥加密.ppt

Computer-based Asymmetric Key Encryption计算机非对称密钥加密 Overview of Asymmetric Key encryption非对称密钥加密概述 probably most significant advance in the 3000 year history of cryptography 在3000年密码学历史长河中是一个巨大的进步 uses two keys – a public a private key 使用两个密钥—一个公钥和一个私钥 asymmetric since parties are not equal 非对称是因为通信双方使用的密钥不相同 complements rather than replaces private key crypto 是对对称密钥加密的补充而不是取代 Overview of Asymmetric Key encryption非对称密钥加密概述 Important to know who should know which key(s) 重要的是收发双方应该知道哪些密钥而不需知道哪些密钥 In general:通常 Sender encrypts with recipient’s public key 发送者用接收者的公钥加密 Recipient decrypts with its private key 接收者用自己的私钥解密 Matrix of Keys密钥矩阵 Asymmetric Key Cryptography非对称密钥加密 Asymmetric Key Example非对称密钥举例 Consider a bank and its customers 考虑一个银行和其客户之间的交易行为 Customers encrypt their messages with bank’s public key 客户用银行的公钥加密消息 Bank decrypts messages with its private key 银行用自己的私钥解密消息 Asymmetric Key Cryptography Example非对称密钥加密举例 RSA AlgorithmRSA算法 By Rivest, Shamir Adleman of MIT in 1977 World’s most popular Asymmetric Key Encryption algorithm 世界上最著名的非对称密钥加密算法 Based on exponentiationin a finite (Galois) field over integers modulo a prime 基于有限域中素数的幂模运算 nb. exponentiation takes O((log n)3) operations (easy) 幂运算时间复杂度为O((log n)3) （容易） security due to cost of factoring large numbers 安全保证在于大数的因式分解 nb. factorization takes O(e log n log log n) operations (hard) 因式分解时间复杂度为O(e log n log log n) （困难） RSA Algorithm RSA算法 RSA ExampleRSA例子 RSA ExampleRSA例子 Example of RSA Algorithm RSA算法举例 Symmetric v/s Asymmetric对称和非对称的比较 The best of both worlds——digital envelope两全其美—数字信封 A encrypts the plain text with symmetric key K1 Then encrypts K1 with B’s public key K2—Key wrapping A puts the cipher text and encrypted symmetric key K1 inside a digital envelope and send to B B decrypts the encrypted symmetric key K1 with its private key K3 and gets K1 Finally decrypts the cipher text with symmetric key K1 and gets the plain text Dig