流体力学chap10.pptVIP

Chapter 10 Pressure-Velocity Coupling Pressure-Velocity Coupling Compressible Flows Five equations for five unknowns (?, u, v, w, p) Solve density using the continuity equation Determine the pressure from the equation of state Pressure-Velocity Coupling Incompressible Flows Four equations for four unknowns (u, v, w, p) Continuity equation becomes a compatibility condition (constraint) on the velocity field Three momentum equations for (u, v, w) Pressure must be determined indirectly from the continuity equation Artificial Compressibility Artificial sound speed a, such that p=a2? The continuity equation is satisfied when the pressure converged Direct Poisson Solver Take divergence of Navier-Stokes equations Retain ?D/? t term to provide a restoring mechanism (Dn ? 0, but requires Dn+1 = 0) Ineffective for high-Re flows Regular Grid Arrangement Both the velocities and pressure were evaluated at the primary nodes Uniform Cartesian Grids Pressure Gradient Continuity Equation Regular (Collocated) Grid Both the velocities and pressure were evaluated at the primary nodes Zigzag pressure field (zero pressure gradient) Wavy velocity field, but still satisfy the continuity equation (zero mass source) Regular Grid Arrangement Checkerboard pressure field If a smooth pressure field is obtained as a solution, any number of additional solutions can be constructed by adding a checkerboard pressure field to that solution Momentum equations unaffected by checkerboard pressure Staggered Grid Arrangement Pressure nodes lie at the center of the control volume Velocities are evaluated at the control volume face Staggered Grids Momentum Equations Staggered Grid Arrangement Control volume for x-momentum equation Different control volumes for u, v, w and p Staggered Grid Arrangement Control volume for y-momentum equation Different control volumes for u, v, w and p Momentum Equations Momentum Equations Continuity Equations Continuity Equations SIMPLE Algorithm