浙江大学操作系统课件OperatingSystemConceptsCH06.pptVIP

Chapter 6: CPU Scheduling CPU调度 6.1 Basic Concepts 基本概念 6.2 Scheduling Criteria 调度准则 6.3 Scheduling Algorithms 调度算法 6.4 Multiple-Processor Scheduling 多处理器调度 6.5 Real-Time Scheduling 实时调度 6.6 Algorithm Evaluation 算法评估 6.7 Process Scheduling Models 进程调度模型 6.1 Basic Concepts Maximum CPU utilization obtained with multiprogramming 通过多道程序设计得到CPU的最高利用率 CPU–I/O Burst Cycle – Process execution consists of a cycle of CPU execution and I/O wait. CPU-I/O脉冲周期 - 进程的执行包括进程在CPU上执行和等待I/O CPU burst distribution CPU脉冲的分布 Fig 6.1 Alternating Sequence of CPU And I/O Bursts Histogram of CPU-burst Times 6.1.2 CPU Scheduler CPU调度 Selects from among the processes in memory that are ready to execute, and allocates the CPU to one of them.选择内存中的就绪进程，并分配CPU给其中之一 CPU scheduling decisions may take place when a process: CPU调度可能发生在当一个进程: 1.Switches from running to waiting state.从运行转到等待 2. Switches from running to ready state. 从运行转到就 3.Switches from waiting to ready.从等待转到就绪 4. Terminates.终止运行 Scheduling under 1 and 4 is nonpreemptive. 发生在1、4两种情况下的调度称为非抢占式调度 All other scheduling is preemptive. 其他情况下发生的调度称为抢占式调度. 6.1.4 Dispatcher Dispatcher module gives control of the CPU to the process selected by the short-term scheduler; this involves:进程调度模块负责将对CPU的控制权转交给由CPU调度程序，包括 : switching context切换上下文 switching to user mode切换到用户态 jumping to the proper location in the user program to restart that program 跳转到用户程序的适当位置并重新运行之 Dispatch latency – time it takes for the dispatcher to stop one process and start another running. 调度时间 – 调度程序终止一个进程的运行并启动另一个进程运行所花的时间. 6.2 Scheduling Criteria调度准则 CPU utilization – keep the CPU as busy as possible CPU利用率 – 使CPU尽可能的忙碌 Throughput – # of processes that complete their execution per time unit 吞吐量 – 单位时间内运行完的进程数 Turnaround time – amount of time to execute a particular process 周转时间 – 进程从提交到运行结束的全部时间 Waiting time – amount of time a p