毕业设计（论文）-甘油络合硼酸解离常数的测定汇.docVIP

本科毕业论文（设计） 题目： 院（系） 专 业 化 学 年 级 20级 姓 名 学 号 指导教师 职 称 副教授 20年 月日 目 录 摘　要 1 Abstract 2 前 言 3 第一章 绪论 5 1.1硼酸的概述 5 1.1.1硼酸的电离 5 1.1.2硼酸酸性的强化 5 1.2课题研究的目的和意义 6 1.3课题研究的主要内容和方法 6 第二章 实验部分 8 2.1 仪器与试剂 8 2.1.1仪器 8 2.1.2试剂 8 2.2 实验过程 9 2.2.1标准溶液的配制 9 2.2.2酸度计的校准 9 2.2.3硼酸的强化 9 2.2.4络合酸浓度的确定 10 2.2.5络合酸解离常数的测定 11 第三章 结果与分析 14 3.1 NaOH溶液的配制与标定 14 3.2 硼酸的强化 14 3.3络合酸浓度的确定 14 3.3.1最低pH值法 14 3.2.2 最大耗碱量法 18 3.4络合酸酸度常数的测定 19 3.3.1 pH值法 19 3.3.2 滴定法 19 结论 22 参考文献 23 致 谢 24 摘　要 硼酸属弱酸，解离常数Ka =5.8×10-10，由于硼酸为极弱的酸，不能直接进行滴定，故通常加入甘露醇、甘油等邻多羟基化合物，使其酸性大大增强从而有可能准确进行滴定。pH值法和最大耗碱量法确定络合酸的初始浓度，在此基础上分别用pH值法，滴定法和分光光度法测定了络合酸的解离常数Ka，测定结果分别为Ka =4.63×10-6，Ka =4.65×10-6和Ka =4.61×10-6，并对所得结果之间的差异进行了分析。 关键词：硼酸;甘油;络合酸;解离常数Abstract Because boric acid which dispel constant is Ka = 5.8 x 10-10 is belong to weak acid, the acid cant titrate directly. Titration mannitol, glycerol and other adjacent polyol are usually joined, which make its acidity increase greatly and may titrate accurately. The strengthened glycerin boric acid generate complexation acid-glycerin boric acid, this complex acid solution in the relevant manuals from constant has been checked. Although have mentioned the literature of the solution of the complex acid from constant value, specific analysis methods are not involved and about equal to 10-6 are just pointed out. This paper measured the glycerin strengthen boric acid formation are obtained from constant complexation acid, and the lowest pH value method and the largest consumption alkali amount method is used to determine the initial concentration. Complex acid in the basis with pH value method respectively, titration and spectrophotometric method are determinated of constant Ka of the complex acid solution, the results were Ka = 4.63 x 10-6, Ka = 4.65 x 10-6 and Ka = 4.61 x 10-6, and the difference between the results were analyzed. Key words: boric acid; glycero l ; comp lexometric acid; acid dissociation constan前 言 硼酸实际上是氧化硼的水合物（B2O3?3H2O为白色粉末状结晶或三斜轴面鳞片状光泽结晶