六。非谓语动词.docVIP

高二下 语法复习巩固练习V-ing在句中可以作主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语。V-ed在句中只作表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语。 2. to do 与V-ing做主语的区别：.to do作主语表示的是一次性的动作，而V-ing作主语表示的是习惯性、经常性和不具体的泛指动作。但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。（V-ed不能做主语。） It is / was useless /no use / good + doing sth. 3. to do 与V-ing作宾语：一般来说，两者没本质的区别。 动词后面只接to do的词,如：afford, manage, agree, arrange, ask, offer, attempt, plan, prepare, care, pretend, choose, claim, promise, prove, decide, refuse, demand resolve, determine, seek, fall, seem, tend, hope, want, long, wish等。 动词后只接V-ing,如：admit, involve, keep, appreciate, mind, avoid, miss, can’t help, pardon, consider, permit, delay, postpone, deny, practise, prevent, propose, enjoy, escape, excuse, resist, risk, save, forbid, suggest, forgive, understand, imagine, no good/use, look forward to等。 接to do 和V-ing都可以但意思不同，如：remember, forget, regret, need, want, require, deserve，stop, mean, try等。 4. 作表语的区别：（1）不定式作表语一般表示具体的动作，特别是表示将来的动作。如：To do two things at a time is to do neither. 一次做两件事等于未作 如果主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, thing, wish等为中心的名词，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明。如： His wish is to buy luxurious car in the near future.动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 如：My bobby is playing basketball. (2).现在分词和过去分词作表语：一般来说，现在分词修饰人，过去分词修饰物。 Traveling is interesting but tiring． They were very excited at the news． 这类词常见的有： delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 5. 作定语的区别：（1）不定式作定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作。例如： A reporter begins by contacting the people to be interviewed. 注意：当名词前有first, last, next, only和形容词最高级时，其后用不定式修饰。 （2）动名词与现在分词作定语的区别： 动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。 a walking stick 拐杖（动名词做定语，意为a stick for walking） the rising sun 正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语，意为the sun which was rising） （3）现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：过去分词作定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词作定语表示主动或进行的动作。如： The building (which was) built by us last year is very beautiful. The boy sending me the book is my brother. 6. 作状语的区别：（1）不定式作状语，只表示目的、结果或原因： He hurried home only to find his money stolen. （结果） To make himself heard, he raised his voice. （目的）