病毒学幻灯片.pptVIP

病毒的基本性状virology 3000BC，埃及孟非思壁画中长老患小儿麻痹症。 病毒virus 微小，可通过除菌滤器， 电子显微镜下观察: 结构简单，无完整的细胞结构 病毒引起疾病的特点 传播性 病死率 持续感染 肿瘤的形成关系 第一节 病毒形态、结构与化学组成 (Size and Shape ) 病毒体（virion） 完整的成熟病毒颗粒，具有典型的形态结构，并有感染性。 B. Shape: round, rod, filamentous, tadpole蝌蚪, bullet子弹, brick砖, etc Viral Capsid(病毒的衣壳） ?The protein shell, or coat, that encloses the nucleic acid genome. ?Functions: a. Protect the viral nucleic acid. b. Participate in the viral infection. c. Share the antigenicity Nucleocapsid (核衣壳） The core of a virus particle consisting of the genome plus the capsid Envelope(包膜） ?A lipid-containing membrane that surrounds some viral particles. ?It is acquired during viral maturation by a budding process through a cellular membrane, ?Not all viruses have the envelope, and viruses can be divided into 2 kinds: enveloped virus and naked virus Peplomere（包膜子粒）  spike（刺突） Functions of envelope  A.?Antigenicity some viruses possess neuraminidase B.?Infectivity C.?Resistance CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VIRUSES（病毒的化学组成） ?Viral Protein ?Viral Nucleic Acid ?Viral Lipids ?Viral carbohydrate ?Viral Nucleic Acid ?DNA-double stranded (ds): linear or circular Single stranded (ss) : linear or circular ?RNA-ss:segmented or non-segmented ss:polarity+(sense) or polarity –(non-sense) ds: linear (only reovirusfamily) Viral Protein ?结构蛋白（Structural protein）：Capsomere，matrix(基质） ,glycoproteins on envelope ?非结构蛋白－－Enzyme 等 第二节 病毒的增殖 活细胞 敏感细胞 复制( replication) 病毒复制周期 以病毒基因为模板，籍DNA多聚酶或RNA多聚酶等，使细胞转为复制病毒的基因组，转录、转译出相应的病毒蛋白，最终释放出子代病毒。 Replication of viruses (病毒的复制） Replicative cycle ： ?As obligate intracellular parasites, Virus must enter and replicate in living cells in order to “reproduce”themselves. This “growth cycle”involves specific attachment of virus, penetration and uncoating, biosynthesis and assembly of the virions and their subsequent release from the cell by budding or lysis Adsorption and Penetration 接触→结合→特异性吸附（病毒配体位点与细胞