中国的环境与可持续发展十二五环境目标.pdf

Key Issues for Comparative Analysis between China and OECD Countries: CCICED Task Force on Environmental Targets in 12th 5 Year Plan Brendan Gillespie Environment Directorate, OECD Beijing, 29 July 2011 /env CCICED TF on Environmental Targets in 11th 5Year Plan • Examined “policy mechanisms” for: • Reducing SOx emissions by 10% • COD by 10% • (energy intensity by 10%) • Reported November 2007 • Pessimistic assessment but targets achieved 04/04/2011- 2 Conclusions and Recommendations • Pollutant-specific: pollution reduction strategies/roadmaps • Cross-cutting: policy framework 04/04/2011- 3 Reducing Emissions of Sox - 1 • Too much emphasis on desulphurisation • More attention should be given to phasing out and improving the efficiency of small boilers • Low sulphur coal should be reserved for small boilers • Low costs options should be more widely used; e.g. coal washing 04/04/2011- 4 Reducing Emissions of Sox - 2 • Establish national standards for desulphurisation equipment • Establish on-line monitoring • Manage gypsum produced to avoid secondary pollution • Better regulate the sulphur content of coal 04/04/2011- 5 Reducing COD • Primary goal: construct sewage/waste water treatment plants • Required a comprehensive strategy covering a wide range of diffuse sources in different regions and sectors • Define BAT and enforce through the permit system; target new plants and extend to existing plants • Government should finance construction, including pipes and sludge treatment • Companies should finance operations 04/04/2011- 6 The « Five Shifts » • From emission reduction to emission reduction and environmental